Saúde sexual e envelhecimento: revisão da literatura e apontamentos sobre a prevenção
Carregando...
Data
2020-04-28
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pensar sobre a saúde sexual no processo do envelhecimento representa um desafio para os profissionais da saúde e para as políticas públicas no que concerne à necessidade de ampliar as discussões sobre sexualidade, as práticas sexuais no processo de envelhecimento, a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) e o impacto dessas questões na promoção de saúde da pessoa idosa. Esta pesquisa investigou como a saúde sexual no período de desenvolvimento do envelhecimento é retratada em pesquisas e documentos no Brasil, a partir de dois objetivos específicos: (a) realizar um estudo de revisão sistemática da literatura (RSL) para verificar quais categorias temáticas aparecem quando se pensa em saúde sexual no envelhecimento nas produções de pesquisa no Brasil e (b) descrever e analisar os materiais disponibilizados pelo governo federal sobre saúde sexual e/ou sexualidade na idade avançada, para identificar a visão de envelhecimento, sexualidade, gênero, saúde, prevenção, etc. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza documental. O método foi de RSL em publicações nacionais na base de dados Scielo e localização e leitura de três materiais disponibilizados pelo Governo Federal sobre saúde sexual e envelhecimento no site do Ministério da Saúde, a partir de um “Guia” de análise elaborado pela pesquisadora. Os resultados encontrados foram um total de 68 artigos, entre 2001 e 2018, com maior concentração em 2015. A área de maior produção estava na Enfermagem, seguido da Saúde e da Gerontologia. Os artigos foram distribuídos em 4 categorias: A) Violência (n=6); B) Saúde (n=8); C) Sexualidade (n=14) e D) IST (n=40). A partir dos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados três documentos para análise: Caderneta de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa/2018 (Doc 1), Manual de Oficinas Educativas sobre sexualidade e prevenção de DST/AIDS no idoso/2016 (Doc 2) e Um guia para se viver mais e melhor/2006) (Doc3). Nesses documentos prevaleceram uma visão de homem biopsicossocial, mas havia um modelo médico e biológico que priorizava as questões preventivas e restritivas de sexualidade humana. Houve indícios de heteronormatividade e o público alvo era de bom nível educacional, social e econômico. O discurso, em geral, era impositivo, especialmente, sobre alimentação saudável e exercícios físicos. Os conteúdos de sexualidade eram superficiais, limitados às questões das dificuldades na resposta sexual, aos riscos e às IST no envelhecimento, embora às vezes apontassem para a possibilidade de vínculos e de prazer. Conclui-se que ainda são necessários esforços para garantir o direito ao exercício da sexualidade no envelhecimento, atendendo às necessidades das pessoas mais velhas nas propostas preventivas, no momento do diagnóstico, no oferecimento e na manutenção do tratamento e no acolhimento de possíveis desdobramentos psicossociais da experiência de ser contaminado por HIV/Aids, para si mesmos, para seus pares e familiares e para toda a sociedade.
Thinking about sexual health in the aging process represents a challenge for health professionals and public policies regarding the need to expand discussions on sexuality, sexual practices in the aging process, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) ) and the impact of these issues on health promotion for the elderly. This research investigated how sexual health in the period of development of aging is portrayed in research and documents in Brazil, based on two specific objectives: (a) to conduct a systematic literature review study (SLR) to verify which thematic categories appear when thinking about sexual health in aging in research productions in Brazil and (b) describing and analyzing the materials made available by the federal government on sexual health and/or sexuality in old age, to identify the vision of aging, sexuality, gender, health, prevention, etc. It is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative and documentary approach. The method was SLR in national publications in the Scielo database and location and reading of three materials made available by the Federal Government on sexual health and aging on the Ministry of Health website, based on an analysis “Guide” prepared by the researcher. The results found were a total of 68 articles, between 2001 and 2018, with the highest concentration in 2015. The area of greatest production was in Nursing, followed by Health and Gerontology. The articles were divided into 4 categories: A) Violence (n = 6); B) Health (n = 8); C) Sexuality (n = 14) and D) STI (n = 40). From the inclusion criteria, three documents were selected for analysis: Health Handbook for the Elderly / 2018 (Doc 1), Educational Workshops Manual on sexuality and STD / AIDS prevention in the elderly / 2016 (Doc 2) and A guide for living more and better / 2006) (Doc3). In these documents, a vision of a biopsychosocial man prevailed, but there was a medical and biological model that prioritized preventive and restrictive issues of human sexuality. There were signs of heteronormativity and the target audience was of good educational, social, and economic levels. The speech, in general, was imposing, especially on healthy eating and physical exercise. The sexuality contents were superficial, limited to the issues of difficulties in sexual response, risks, and STIs in aging, although sometimes they pointed to the possibility of bonds and pleasure. It is concluded that efforts are still needed to guarantee the right to exercise sexuality in aging, meeting the needs of older people in preventive proposals, at the time of diagnosis, in the offer and maintenance of treatment and in the reception of possible psychosocial developments of the experience of being infected with HIV / AIDS, for themselves, for their partners and family and for the whole society.
Thinking about sexual health in the aging process represents a challenge for health professionals and public policies regarding the need to expand discussions on sexuality, sexual practices in the aging process, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) ) and the impact of these issues on health promotion for the elderly. This research investigated how sexual health in the period of development of aging is portrayed in research and documents in Brazil, based on two specific objectives: (a) to conduct a systematic literature review study (SLR) to verify which thematic categories appear when thinking about sexual health in aging in research productions in Brazil and (b) describing and analyzing the materials made available by the federal government on sexual health and/or sexuality in old age, to identify the vision of aging, sexuality, gender, health, prevention, etc. It is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative and documentary approach. The method was SLR in national publications in the Scielo database and location and reading of three materials made available by the Federal Government on sexual health and aging on the Ministry of Health website, based on an analysis “Guide” prepared by the researcher. The results found were a total of 68 articles, between 2001 and 2018, with the highest concentration in 2015. The area of greatest production was in Nursing, followed by Health and Gerontology. The articles were divided into 4 categories: A) Violence (n = 6); B) Health (n = 8); C) Sexuality (n = 14) and D) STI (n = 40). From the inclusion criteria, three documents were selected for analysis: Health Handbook for the Elderly / 2018 (Doc 1), Educational Workshops Manual on sexuality and STD / AIDS prevention in the elderly / 2016 (Doc 2) and A guide for living more and better / 2006) (Doc3). In these documents, a vision of a biopsychosocial man prevailed, but there was a medical and biological model that prioritized preventive and restrictive issues of human sexuality. There were signs of heteronormativity and the target audience was of good educational, social, and economic levels. The speech, in general, was imposing, especially on healthy eating and physical exercise. The sexuality contents were superficial, limited to the issues of difficulties in sexual response, risks, and STIs in aging, although sometimes they pointed to the possibility of bonds and pleasure. It is concluded that efforts are still needed to guarantee the right to exercise sexuality in aging, meeting the needs of older people in preventive proposals, at the time of diagnosis, in the offer and maintenance of treatment and in the reception of possible psychosocial developments of the experience of being infected with HIV / AIDS, for themselves, for their partners and family and for the whole society.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde sexual, Envelhecimento, Idoso, Sexualidade, Profissionais da saúde, Sexual health, Aging, Elderly, Sexuality, Health professionals