Efeitos de um exercício de alta carga inspiratória nas variáveis biomecânicas
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Data
2020-07-08
Autores
Pereira, Karina Pitombeira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudos mostram que todos os músculos do tronco, dentre eles o músculo diafragma, possuem dupla exigência mecânica, exercendo a função de estabilização do tronco e manutenção das exigências ventilatórias. Também existem estudos que concluem que em situações de elevada demanda respiratória o papel postural desses músculos fica comprometido. Porém, não se sabe exatamente quanto e como o aumento da demanda ventilatória pode influenciar na estabilidade global. Por isso o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência de um exercício de alta carga inspiratória (EACI) nas variáveis biomecânicas em jovens universitários, de ambos os gêneros com idade entre 18 e 30 anos. Para isso foram realizados testes de equilíbrio unipodal, Single Leg Drop Landing, torque isométrico, torque isocinético e controle de força para os movimentos de flexão e extensão do tronco associados a eletromiografia, nos músculos reto abdominal e eretor espinhal longuíssimo antes e após um EACI. O EACI foi realizado com uso de um equipamento para treinamento muscular inspiratório, programado para gerar uma resistência à inspiração, com valor de 80% da pressão inspiratória máxima, onde o participante, respirava com esse dispositivo na boca, utilizando um clipe nasal por dez minutos. As variáveis cinéticas do centro de pressão (COP) mostraram um aumento significativo na área (p=0,026), velocidade (p=0,001) e comprimento (p=0,001) do COP; e a co-contração dos músculos do tronco por meio da eletromiografia, não apresentou diferença significativa dentre as avaliações realizadas pré e pós o EACI, no teste de equilíbrio unipodal. A força de reação do solo analisada no teste Single Leg Drop Landing, apresentou aumento significativo (p=0,003) nos valores coletados após o EACI. O pico de torque isométrico apresentou diminuição significativa dos valores, tanto para o movimento de flexão (p=0,020) como para extensão (p=0,014) após a realização do EACI. A razão entre os músculos extensores e flexores de tronco analisada no teste isocinético, também foi significativamente pior (p=0,018) após o EACI. Por fim o erro absoluto e eficiência neuromuscular, analisados por meio de eletromiografia, no teste de controle de força dos músculos flexores e extensores de tronco, apresentou diferença estatística nos resultados, apenas para a variável do erro absoluto para flexão do tronco (p=0,000) após a realização do EACI. Assim, concluímos que todo exercício, atividade física e afins, que envolvam o controle de tronco e equilíbrio global deve levar em consideração a interação entre a respiração e a realização de demais tarefas.
Studies show that all trunk muscles, among the diaphragm muscles, have double mechanical fixation, performing the function of stabilizing the trunk and maintaining ventilatory activities. There are also studies that concluded that in situations of high respiratory demand or postural role of these muscles, it is compromised. However, it is not known exactly how much and how the increase in ventilatory demand can influence global stability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a high inspiratory load exercise (EACI) on the biomechanical variables in university students, of both genders aged between 18 and 30 years. For this, unipodal balance tests, single leg landing, isometric torque, isokinetic torque and strength control for trunk flexion and extension movements associated with electromyography were performed in the rectus abdominis and spinal erector muscles without movement before and after the EACI. The EACI was performed with the use of inspirational muscle training equipment, programmed to generate resistance to inspiration, with a value of 80% of the maximum inspiratory pressure, where the participant, breathing with this device in the mouth, using a nose clip for ten minutes. As kinetic variables of the center of pressure (COP) present a significant increase in the area (p = 0.026), speed (p = 0.001) and length (p = 0.001) of the COP; and a co-contraction of the trunk muscles by means of electromyography, there is no significant difference between the pre-post and post-EACI assessments, without unipodal balance test. A ground reaction force analyzed in the Landing test of single leg drop, showed a significant increase (p = 0.003) in the values collected after the EACI. The peak isometric torque shows significant values, both for the flexion movement (p = 0.020) and for the extension (p = 0.014) after performing the EACI. The ratio between the extensor and flexor muscles of the trunk analyzed in the isokinetic test was also worse (p = 0.018) after the EACI. Finally, the absolute error and neuromuscular efficiency, analyzed by means of electromyography, without a test of strength control of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles, show the statistical difference in the results, only for a variable of the absolute error for flexion. trunk (p = 0.000) after performing the EACI. Thus, it concludes that all exercise, physical activity and the like, involving either trunk control and global balance must take into account an interaction between breathing and performing too many tasks.
Studies show that all trunk muscles, among the diaphragm muscles, have double mechanical fixation, performing the function of stabilizing the trunk and maintaining ventilatory activities. There are also studies that concluded that in situations of high respiratory demand or postural role of these muscles, it is compromised. However, it is not known exactly how much and how the increase in ventilatory demand can influence global stability. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a high inspiratory load exercise (EACI) on the biomechanical variables in university students, of both genders aged between 18 and 30 years. For this, unipodal balance tests, single leg landing, isometric torque, isokinetic torque and strength control for trunk flexion and extension movements associated with electromyography were performed in the rectus abdominis and spinal erector muscles without movement before and after the EACI. The EACI was performed with the use of inspirational muscle training equipment, programmed to generate resistance to inspiration, with a value of 80% of the maximum inspiratory pressure, where the participant, breathing with this device in the mouth, using a nose clip for ten minutes. As kinetic variables of the center of pressure (COP) present a significant increase in the area (p = 0.026), speed (p = 0.001) and length (p = 0.001) of the COP; and a co-contraction of the trunk muscles by means of electromyography, there is no significant difference between the pre-post and post-EACI assessments, without unipodal balance test. A ground reaction force analyzed in the Landing test of single leg drop, showed a significant increase (p = 0.003) in the values collected after the EACI. The peak isometric torque shows significant values, both for the flexion movement (p = 0.020) and for the extension (p = 0.014) after performing the EACI. The ratio between the extensor and flexor muscles of the trunk analyzed in the isokinetic test was also worse (p = 0.018) after the EACI. Finally, the absolute error and neuromuscular efficiency, analyzed by means of electromyography, without a test of strength control of the trunk flexor and extensor muscles, show the statistical difference in the results, only for a variable of the absolute error for flexion. trunk (p = 0.000) after performing the EACI. Thus, it concludes that all exercise, physical activity and the like, involving either trunk control and global balance must take into account an interaction between breathing and performing too many tasks.
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Palavras-chave
Estabilidade postural, Equilíbrio, Exercício de alta carga inspiratória, Músculos inspiratórios, Indivíduos saudáveis, Postural stability, Balance, Exercise with high inspiratory load, Inspiratory muscles, Healthy subjects