Mulheres trans universitárias: a emergência de políticas públicas para a inserção e permanência de travestis e transexuais no universo acadêmico
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Pereira, Marlyson Junio Alvarenga [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta tese traço um histórico da emergência de Políticas de governo e de Estado que levaram mulheres trans às Universidades Públicas brasileiras, resultante de um movimento que propicia três vias construídas entre Universidades Públicas, Movimento Social de Travestis e Transexuais. As interlocutoras da pesquisa são mulheres trans que são sujeitos destas mudanças. A Universidade aparece como espaço possível à composição de outros caminhos para as entrevistadas, mas também como lócus de crítica em que teoria e prática fomentam tensões internas, assim como provocam a sociedade abrangente. Neste processo, conceitos como gênero e sexualidade passaram a ser pensados como construtos sociais, provocando torções epistemológicas as quais possibilitaram mais que novas teorias, mas também a constituição de novas subjetividades. A inserção de Mulheres Trans na Universidade Pública brasileira é resultado de transformações que as Instituições de Ensino Superior passaram, nos últimos anos, acompanhando e respondendo às mudanças macrossociais, às quais, de certa maneira, o campo acadêmico também ajudou a fomentar. Programas como REUNI e SISU ampliam vagas, mas a permanência estudantil está associada a fatores múltiplos, incluindo a pressão de movimentos sociais. Assim, traço as rotas construídas pelo Movimento Social das Travestis e, posteriormente das Transexuais, desde sua origem, passando pela explosão da AIDS no Brasil e as buscas deste mesmo movimento para barrar a propagação do vírus, do preconceito que ele suscitou e, no limite, das mortes. Aposto nessas forças rizomáticas como vetores capazes de construir saberes e produzir poderes. Saberes esses, que nascem do fazer, da experiência (LARROSA, 2002). Busco, por isso, compor um mapa das insurgências, ou seja, utilizo-me da cartografia como metodologia de pesquisa. Essas insurgências foram sendo criadas pelo Movimento Social, pela Universidade Pública e pelas Mulheres Trans ao entrarem no ambiente acadêmico. Assim, tracejo essas rotas, por meio de entrevistas que foram obtidas, a partir da invenção do que convencionei denominar de rede de afetos; uma apropriação com referências à metodologia bola de neve, que tem como objetivo cartografar essa micropolítica dos desejos, confrontando-os com a macropolítica, produzindo mais micropolítica.
In this thesis I draw a historic of the emergence of Government and State Policies that leaded trans women to Brazilian Public Universities, resulting from a movement that provides three paths which goes to Public Universities, the Transvestite and Transsexual Social Movement. The interlocutors' research are trans women who are the main characters of this changes. The University appears as a possible space for the composition of other paths for the interviewees, but also as a locus of criticism in which theory and practice foster internal tensions, as well as provoke a comprehensive society. In this process, concepts such as gender and sexuality came to be thought of as social constructs, causing epistemological torsions which enabled more than new theories, but also the constitution of new subjectivities. The admission of Trans Women in the Brazilian Public University is the result of changes these education institutions have undergone in recent years, following and responding to macrosocial changes, which, in a way, the academic field has also helped to improve. Programs like REUNI and SISU increase vacancies, but the permanency of these students are associated with multiple factors, including pressure from social movements. Thus, I draw the routes built by the Social Movement of Transvestites and, later, Transsexuals, since the begining, going through the explosion of AIDS in Brazil and the search for this same movement to stop the spread of the virus, the prejudice it has raised and, at the limit , of deaths. I bet on these rhizomatic forces as vectors capable of building knowledge and producing powers. These knowledges, which are born from doing, from experience (LARROSA, 2002). Therefore, I try to compose a map of the insurgencies, that is, I use cartography as a research methodology. These insurgencies were created by the Social Movement, the Public University and Trans Women when they entered the academic environment. Thus, I trace these routes, through interviews that were obtained, from the invention of what I call the "network of affections"; an appropriation with references to the snowball methodology, which aims to map this micropolitics of desires, confronting them with macropolitics, producing more micropolitics.
In this thesis I draw a historic of the emergence of Government and State Policies that leaded trans women to Brazilian Public Universities, resulting from a movement that provides three paths which goes to Public Universities, the Transvestite and Transsexual Social Movement. The interlocutors' research are trans women who are the main characters of this changes. The University appears as a possible space for the composition of other paths for the interviewees, but also as a locus of criticism in which theory and practice foster internal tensions, as well as provoke a comprehensive society. In this process, concepts such as gender and sexuality came to be thought of as social constructs, causing epistemological torsions which enabled more than new theories, but also the constitution of new subjectivities. The admission of Trans Women in the Brazilian Public University is the result of changes these education institutions have undergone in recent years, following and responding to macrosocial changes, which, in a way, the academic field has also helped to improve. Programs like REUNI and SISU increase vacancies, but the permanency of these students are associated with multiple factors, including pressure from social movements. Thus, I draw the routes built by the Social Movement of Transvestites and, later, Transsexuals, since the begining, going through the explosion of AIDS in Brazil and the search for this same movement to stop the spread of the virus, the prejudice it has raised and, at the limit , of deaths. I bet on these rhizomatic forces as vectors capable of building knowledge and producing powers. These knowledges, which are born from doing, from experience (LARROSA, 2002). Therefore, I try to compose a map of the insurgencies, that is, I use cartography as a research methodology. These insurgencies were created by the Social Movement, the Public University and Trans Women when they entered the academic environment. Thus, I trace these routes, through interviews that were obtained, from the invention of what I call the "network of affections"; an appropriation with references to the snowball methodology, which aims to map this micropolitics of desires, confronting them with macropolitics, producing more micropolitics.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas de governo e Estado, Universidade pública, Mulheres trans, Movimento social de travestis e transexuais, Cartografia, Government and state policies, Public university, Trans women, Transvestite and transsexual social movement., Cartography