Procedimentos para elaboração de cartas geotécnicas aplicadas a solos colapsíveis em áreas urbanas utilizando o método do detalhamento progressivo
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Data
2020-06-05
Autores
Silveira, Paulo Edison Martins da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O termo colapsividade de solos, utilizado frequentemente, nem sempre é compreendido. Muitos trabalhos tratam deste fenômeno, entretanto poucos são voltados para o planejamento urbano. Este trabalho buscou tratar de procedimentos para elaboração de cartas geotécnicas aplicadas a solos colapsíveis em áreas urbanas tentando responder qual é a influência da escala de trabalho, quais destes procedimentos de mapeamento geotécnico são mais eficazes e quais são os ensaios laboratoriais mais adequados para a avaliação do fenômeno. A hipótese aqui testada, a fim de estabelecer os referidos procedimentos de cartografia geotécnica para definição da suscetibilidade a ocorrência de solos colapsíveis e priorizar áreas para o desenvolvimento de estudos mais aprofundados, foi que a avaliação do fenômeno em áreas urbanas poderia ser realizada de forma mais eficiente utilizando-se o método de cartografia geotécnica baseada no detalhamento progressivo de produtos, ensaios e análises. O trabalho teve como objetivos estabelecer procedimentos de elaboração de cartas geotécnicas aplicadas a solos colapsíveis em áreas urbanas utilizando o método do detalhamento progressivo em escalas compatíveis, estabelecer atributos condicionantes à ocorrência de solos colapsíveis e estabelecer os tipos de ensaios geotécnicos para avaliação da ocorrência desses solos que são mais adequados, priorizando setores para estudos detalhados e realização destes ensaios conforme a escala de mapeamento. As atividades executadas nas três etapas da metodologia de detalhamento progressivo foram as seguintes: Primeira etapa: análise de documentações cartográficas topográficas e temáticas, compilação bibliográfica, fotointerpretação, levantamento de campo, realização de ensaios laboratoriais de caracterização, análise de perfis de sondagens geotécnicas, elaboração de carta geotécnica com geração de unidades geológico-geotécnicas, baseadas na integração de algumas informações fisiográficas e resultados dos ensaios geotécnicos, voltadas para a colapsividade de solos em escala 1:50.000 e a escolha de uma zona alvo mais suscetível a ocorrência de solos colapsíveis; Segunda etapa: levantamento de campo complementar da zona alvo, ensaios edométricos realizados para confirmação de ocorrência ao fenômeno da colapsividade e a elaboração de nova carta geotécnica em escala 1:25.000; Terceira etapa: após a escolha de um local adequado para atividades programadas, escavou-se uma trincheira com coleta de amostras indeformadas para novos ensaios edométricos e a execução de um furo de sondagem a percussão com a finalidade de correlacionar os índices de resistência à penetração do solo (N-SPT) e os resultados edométricos. Os resultados apontaram que a metodologia proposta de detalhamento progressivo se mostrou satisfatória para os objetivos almejados abrindo caminho para o desenvolvimento de novos estudos mais detalhados sobre o assunto, diante da complexidade que o fenômeno da colapsividade de solos se apresenta.
The term collapsibility of soils, often used, is not always understood. Many works deal with this phenomenon, but few are focused on urban planning. This work sought to deal with procedures for the elaboration of geotechnical charts applied to collapsible soils in urban areas trying to answer what is the influence of the work scale, which of these geotechnical mapping procedures are more effective and which are the most adequate laboratory tests for the evaluation of the phenomenon. The hypothesis tested here, in order to establish the referred geotechnical cartography procedures of to define the susceptibility to collapsible soils and prioritize areas for the development of further studies, was that the assessment of the phenomenon in urban areas could be performed mor efficiently using the geotechnical cartography method based on progressive product detailing, testing and analysis. The objective of this work was to establish a methodology for the elaboration of geotechnical maps applied to collapsible soils in urban areas using the progressive detailing method at compatible scales, to establish conditioning factors for the occurrence of collapsible soils and to establish the types of geotechnical tests to evaluate the occurrence of collapsible soils that are best suited, prioritizing sectors for detailed studies and carrying out these tests according to the mapping scale. The activities carried out in the three stages of the progressive detailing methodology were as follows: First stage: analysis of topographic and thematic cartographic documentation, bibliographic compilation, photointerpretation, field survey, characterization laboratory tests, analysis of geotechnical drilling profiles , elaboration of geotechnical chart with generation of geological-geotechnical units, based on the integration of physiographic information and geotechnical test results, focused on the collapse of soils in 1: 50.000 scale and the choice of a target zone more susceptible to the occurrence of collapsible soils. Second stage: complementary field survey of the target zone, edometric tests performed to confirm the occurrence of the collapse phenomenon and the elaboration of a new geotechnical chart in 1: 25,000 scale; Third stage, after choosing a suitable place for scheduled activities, a trench with undisturbed sample collection was excavated for new edometric tests and the execution of a percussion drill hole in order to correlate the soil penetration index (N-SPT) and the edometric results. The results showed that the proposed methodology of progressive detailing proved to be satisfactory for the desired objectives, paving the way for the development of new more detailed studies on the subject, due to the complexity that the phenomenon of soil collapse presents.
The term collapsibility of soils, often used, is not always understood. Many works deal with this phenomenon, but few are focused on urban planning. This work sought to deal with procedures for the elaboration of geotechnical charts applied to collapsible soils in urban areas trying to answer what is the influence of the work scale, which of these geotechnical mapping procedures are more effective and which are the most adequate laboratory tests for the evaluation of the phenomenon. The hypothesis tested here, in order to establish the referred geotechnical cartography procedures of to define the susceptibility to collapsible soils and prioritize areas for the development of further studies, was that the assessment of the phenomenon in urban areas could be performed mor efficiently using the geotechnical cartography method based on progressive product detailing, testing and analysis. The objective of this work was to establish a methodology for the elaboration of geotechnical maps applied to collapsible soils in urban areas using the progressive detailing method at compatible scales, to establish conditioning factors for the occurrence of collapsible soils and to establish the types of geotechnical tests to evaluate the occurrence of collapsible soils that are best suited, prioritizing sectors for detailed studies and carrying out these tests according to the mapping scale. The activities carried out in the three stages of the progressive detailing methodology were as follows: First stage: analysis of topographic and thematic cartographic documentation, bibliographic compilation, photointerpretation, field survey, characterization laboratory tests, analysis of geotechnical drilling profiles , elaboration of geotechnical chart with generation of geological-geotechnical units, based on the integration of physiographic information and geotechnical test results, focused on the collapse of soils in 1: 50.000 scale and the choice of a target zone more susceptible to the occurrence of collapsible soils. Second stage: complementary field survey of the target zone, edometric tests performed to confirm the occurrence of the collapse phenomenon and the elaboration of a new geotechnical chart in 1: 25,000 scale; Third stage, after choosing a suitable place for scheduled activities, a trench with undisturbed sample collection was excavated for new edometric tests and the execution of a percussion drill hole in order to correlate the soil penetration index (N-SPT) and the edometric results. The results showed that the proposed methodology of progressive detailing proved to be satisfactory for the desired objectives, paving the way for the development of new more detailed studies on the subject, due to the complexity that the phenomenon of soil collapse presents.
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Palavras-chave
Solo colapsível, Mapeamento geotécnico, Mapeamento progressivo, Collapsible soil, Geotechnical mapping, Progressive mapping