Design ergonômico e percepção visual: a influência da cor na usabilidade de artefatos de uso cotidiano
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Data
2020-02-27
Autores
Alves, Ana Laura
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diferentes áreas do conhecimento tem apresentado questões que sugerem a influência da cor sobre o comportamento humano e seu bem-estar. Entretanto, pouco se conhece sobre a interferência cromática na usabilidade de um artefato. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar se a cor de um artefato influencia sua usabilidade. Para tanto, selecionou-se dois artefatos de uso doméstico, mais especificamente, um modelo de descascador de alho e um de espremedor de batata, ambos disponíveis no mercado em três diferentes cores (cinza, verde e vermelho). Os procedimentos metodológicos caracterizam-se por uma abordagem transversal com aplicação experimental. Princípios éticos foram empregados na pesquisa. O estudo contou com 120 voluntárias, com ausência de sintomas musculoesqueléticos nos membros superiores e de patologias no sistema visual relacionados a percepção cromática; e pertencentes às faixas etárias de 18 a 29 (n=60; grupo jovem) e 30 a 55 (n=60; grupo adulto) anos de idade, uma vez que o envelhecimento promove alterações no sistema visual e nas atividades cognitiva e motora. A coleta de dados ocorreu em três etapas: 1. Interação visual, momento de demonstração de uso do produto pela pesquisadora; 2. Interação de uso, momento em que a voluntária utilizou o produto e o avaliou por meio do questionário SUS, bem como suas microexpressões faciais foram coletadas para posterior análise com o software FaceReaderTM (Noldus); 3. Avaliação pós-uso, na qual a participante classificou os produtos conforme sua preferência. Os resultados foram analisados por estatística paramétrica e não paramétrica. A cor verde provocou mais respostas emocionais nas voluntárias ao testarem o descascador de alho, embora o grupo adulto tenha apresentado melhores índices de desempenho e satisfação ao utilizar o produto na cor vermelha. Em contrapartida, o grupo adulto do experimento com espremedor de batata obteve melhores índices com a cor cinza/prata. Os resultados sugerem que a cor não interfere na eficácia e eficiência da atividade. Todavia, influencia a satisfação de seus usuários ao interagirem com o produto, fator subjetivo relevante para o Design de artefatos. Portanto, o estudo pode contribuir com o conhecimento nas áreas do Design, Design ergonômico e da Percepção visual, bem como com o desenvolvimento tecnológico de novos produtos.
Different areas of knowledge have showed questions that suggest the color influence on human behavior and well-being. However, little is known about chromatic interference on artifact usability. This study aimed to verify if the color of an artifact influences its usability. For this purpose, have selected two everyday artifacts of domestic use, more specifically, one garlic peeler model and one of potato masher, available in the market in three different colors (gray, green and red). The methodological procedures are characterized by a transversal approach with experimental application. Ethical principles were employed. The study included a hundred twenty female participants (n=120), without musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper limbs and visual system pathologies related to chromatic perception; and belonging to age groups from 18 to 29 (n=60; young group) and 30 to 55 (n=60; adult group) years old, once aging promotes changes in visual system and cognitive and motor activities. Data collection occurred in three stages: 1. Visual interaction, moment of product use demonstration by the researcher; 2. Interaction of use, when the volunteer used the product and evaluated its usability through the SUS Protocol, as well as their facial microexpressions were collected for further analysis with the software FaceReaderTM (Noldus); 3. Post-use evaluation, in which the participant classified the products according to their preference. The results were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric statistics. The green color provoked more emotional responses in volunteers when testing the garlic peeler, although the adult group presented better performance and satisfaction rates when using the product in red color. In contrast, the adult group of the potato juicer experiment obtained better indexes with gray/silver color. The results suggests color doesn’t interfere on activities’ effectiveness and efficiency. However, color influences satisfaction of its users during product interaction, a relevant subjective factor for artifacts’ Design. Therefore, the study can contribute with knowledge in areas like Design, Ergonomics design and Visual perception, as well as the technological development of new products.
Different areas of knowledge have showed questions that suggest the color influence on human behavior and well-being. However, little is known about chromatic interference on artifact usability. This study aimed to verify if the color of an artifact influences its usability. For this purpose, have selected two everyday artifacts of domestic use, more specifically, one garlic peeler model and one of potato masher, available in the market in three different colors (gray, green and red). The methodological procedures are characterized by a transversal approach with experimental application. Ethical principles were employed. The study included a hundred twenty female participants (n=120), without musculoskeletal symptoms in the upper limbs and visual system pathologies related to chromatic perception; and belonging to age groups from 18 to 29 (n=60; young group) and 30 to 55 (n=60; adult group) years old, once aging promotes changes in visual system and cognitive and motor activities. Data collection occurred in three stages: 1. Visual interaction, moment of product use demonstration by the researcher; 2. Interaction of use, when the volunteer used the product and evaluated its usability through the SUS Protocol, as well as their facial microexpressions were collected for further analysis with the software FaceReaderTM (Noldus); 3. Post-use evaluation, in which the participant classified the products according to their preference. The results were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric statistics. The green color provoked more emotional responses in volunteers when testing the garlic peeler, although the adult group presented better performance and satisfaction rates when using the product in red color. In contrast, the adult group of the potato juicer experiment obtained better indexes with gray/silver color. The results suggests color doesn’t interfere on activities’ effectiveness and efficiency. However, color influences satisfaction of its users during product interaction, a relevant subjective factor for artifacts’ Design. Therefore, the study can contribute with knowledge in areas like Design, Ergonomics design and Visual perception, as well as the technological development of new products.
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Palavras-chave
Design ergonômico, Usabilidade, Percepção visual, Cor, Ergonomics design, Usability, Visual perception, Color