Influência de Saccharomyces cerevisiae na morfometria gastrintestinal, na produção de leite de cabras e no desenvolvimento corporal de cabritos até o início da puberdade
Carregando...
Data
2020-05-11
Autores
Santos, Fabiana Cirino dos [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com o prebiótico Saccharomyces cerevisiae seco hidrolisado (Sc) na morfometria de cabras gestantes e cabritos, na produção do leite de cabras e na composição corporal de cabritos da raça Saanen. No capítulo um, são descritos os mecanismos de ação aos quais os prebióticos atuam no trato gastrintestinal, na saúde do organismo, e também a sua aplicação na suplementação de caprinos. O capitulo dois aborda a influência de Saccharomyces cerevisiae seca hidrolisada na morfometria da parede do trato gastrintestinal de fêmeas gestantes e de cabritos por meio de avaliação ultrassonográfica. Cabras (n=16) foram suplementados com Sc durante a gestação; e os e cabritos (n=15), durante os quatro primeiros meses de vida. Avaliações ultrassonográficas transabdominais com probe linear 7,5 MHz para mensuração das espessuras, em mm, da mucosa do rúmen nas porções dorsal (MCD) e caudal (MCC) do saco dorsocaudal, camada muscular da parede do rúmen nas porções dorsal (MMD) e caudal (MMC) do saco dorsal caudal, parede do duodeno descendente (DUO), parede do intestino delgado na porção jejuno e íleo (JEI) e parede do intestino grosso (IG). Foi realizada a análise de medidas repetidas no tempo pela análise de variância para as medidas encontradas. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para as medidas MMC, JEI e IG entre os grupos suplementados (Trat) e controle (Ctr) das cabras gestantes. Em relação aos cabritos pré púberes, foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) para as medidas MMC, JEI e IG. A suplementação com Sc foi capaz de promover alterações morfométricas no trato gastrintestinal em determinados momentos da gestação de cabras e do desenvolvimento de cabritos. O capítulo três apresenta os efeitos da suplementação com Sc na produção de leite de cabras suplementadas na gestação e/ou na lactação. Os grupos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 2x2 para os períodos de gestação (até 150 dias) e lactação (12 primeiras semanas) em cabras controle (Ctr), cabras que receberam a levedura somente durante a gestação (LevGes), cabras que receberam a levedura somente durante a lactação (LevLac), e cabras que receberam a levedura durante a gestação e a lactação (LevGL). Foram detectadas diferenças significativas (p<0,10) para as médias de produção de leite nos grupos entre os grupos Ctr e LevGL nas semanas sete, oito e nove, sendo o LevGL o grupo com as médias superiores. A produção total de leite ao longo das 12 semanas foi maior para os grupos LevGes e LevGL. Para o grupo LevGL a produção se manteve com médias superiores e sem diferença significativa desde a primeira até a 12ª semana de lactação, o que indicou estabilização na média da produção de leite decorrente da suplementação com Sc. O quarto capítulo apresenta a avaliação da composição corporal após adição de Sc na dieta de cabritos descendentes ou não de mães tratadas na gestação. Os cabritos tratados foram suplementados desde nascimento até 128 dias de idade. As progênies foram distribuídas em grupos de cabritas sem Sc, filhas de mães sem Sc (CtrFSem), cabritas com Sc, filhas de mães sem Sc (CtrFLev), cabritas sem Sc, filhas de mães com Sc (TrFSem), cabritas com Sc, filhas de mães com Sc (TrFLev), cabritos sem suplementação com Sc, filhos de mães sem Sc (CtrMSem), cabritos com Sc, filhos de mães sem Sc (CtrMLev), cabritos sem Sc, filhos de mães com Sc (TrMSem), cabritos com Sc e filhos de mães com Sc (TrMLev). Os resultados indicam diferença significativa (p<0,05) para as variáveis peso vivo e tecido adiposo para os grupos CtrFLev e CtrMLev, para massa magra + conteúdo mineral do grupo CtrFLev e para densidade mineral óssea no grupo CtrMLev. A suplementação com Saccharomyces cerevisiae seca hidrolisada promoveu alterações na composição corporal de cabritos Saanen tratados a partir do nascimento.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with dried hydrolized prebiotic from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) on the morphometry of pregnant and kids Saanen goats, on the production of goat milk and on the body composition of Saanen kids’ goats. In chapter one, the mechanisms of action to which prebiotics act in the gastrointestinal tract and for the health of the body are described, as well as their application in the supplementation of goats. Chapter two addresses the influence of dried hydrolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the morphometry of the gastrointestinal tract wall of pregnant female goats and kids’ goats by ultrasound exam. Female goats (n = 16) were supplemented with Sc during pregnancy; and kids’ goats (n = 15), during the first four months of life. Transabdominal ultrasound assessments with a 7.5 MHz linear probe to measure the thickness, in mm, of the rumen mucosa in the dorsal (MCD) and caudal (MCC) portions of the dorsocaudal sac, muscular layer of the rumen wall in the dorsal (MMD) and caudal (MMC) of the dorsocaudal sac, wall of the descending duodenum (DUO), wall of the small intestine in the jejunum and ileum portion (JEI) and wall of the large intestine (IG). The analysis of repeated measures over time was performed by analysis of variance for the values found. Significant differences (p <0.05) were observed for MMC, JEI and IG measurements between the supplemented (Trat) and control (Ctr) groups of pregnant goats. In relation to prepubertal goats, significant differences were found (p <0.05) for the MMC, JEI and IG measurements. Supplementation with Sc was able to promote morphometric changes in the gastrointestinal tract at certain times during the pregnancy of goats and in the development of kids. Chapter three presents the effects of supplementation with Sc on the production of milk from supplemented goats during pregnancy and / or lactation. The groups were distributed in a 2x2 factorial scheme for the periods of gestation (up to 150 days) and lactation (first 12 weeks) in control goats (Ctr), goats that received Sc only during pregnancy (LevGes), goats that received Sc only during lactation (LevLac), and goats that received the Sc during pregnancy and lactation (LevGL). Significant differences (p <0.10) were found for the milk production averages in the groups between the Ctr and LevGL groups at weeks seven, eight and nine, with LevGL being the group with the higher averages. Total milk production over 12 weeks was higher for the LevGes and LevGL groups. For the LevGL group, production remained at higher averages and with no significant difference from the first to the 12th week of lactation, which indicated stabilization in the average milk production resulting from supplementation with Sc. The fourth chapter presents the evaluation of body composition after adding Sc in the diet of goats descended or not from mothers treated during pregnancy. The treated goats were supplemented from birth to 128 days of age. The progenies were distributed in groups of kids without Sc, daughters of mothers without Sc (CtrFSem), kids with Sc, Cows of mothers without Sc (CtrFLev), kids without Sc, daughters of mothers with Sc (TrFSem), kids with Sc, daughters of mothers with Sc (TrFLev), kids without supplementation with Sc, children of mothers without Sc (CtrMSem), kids with Sc, children of mothers without Sc (CtrMLev), kids without Sc, children of mothers with Sc (TrMSem), kids with Sc and children of mothers with Sc (TrMLev). The results indicate a significant difference (p <0.05) for the variables live weight and adipose tissue for the CtrFLev and CtrMLev groups, for lean mass +bone mineral content in the CtrFLev group and for bone mineral density in the CtrMLev group. Supplementation with dry hydrolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoted changes in the body composition of Saanen kids’ goats treated from birth.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with dried hydrolized prebiotic from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) on the morphometry of pregnant and kids Saanen goats, on the production of goat milk and on the body composition of Saanen kids’ goats. In chapter one, the mechanisms of action to which prebiotics act in the gastrointestinal tract and for the health of the body are described, as well as their application in the supplementation of goats. Chapter two addresses the influence of dried hydrolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the morphometry of the gastrointestinal tract wall of pregnant female goats and kids’ goats by ultrasound exam. Female goats (n = 16) were supplemented with Sc during pregnancy; and kids’ goats (n = 15), during the first four months of life. Transabdominal ultrasound assessments with a 7.5 MHz linear probe to measure the thickness, in mm, of the rumen mucosa in the dorsal (MCD) and caudal (MCC) portions of the dorsocaudal sac, muscular layer of the rumen wall in the dorsal (MMD) and caudal (MMC) of the dorsocaudal sac, wall of the descending duodenum (DUO), wall of the small intestine in the jejunum and ileum portion (JEI) and wall of the large intestine (IG). The analysis of repeated measures over time was performed by analysis of variance for the values found. Significant differences (p <0.05) were observed for MMC, JEI and IG measurements between the supplemented (Trat) and control (Ctr) groups of pregnant goats. In relation to prepubertal goats, significant differences were found (p <0.05) for the MMC, JEI and IG measurements. Supplementation with Sc was able to promote morphometric changes in the gastrointestinal tract at certain times during the pregnancy of goats and in the development of kids. Chapter three presents the effects of supplementation with Sc on the production of milk from supplemented goats during pregnancy and / or lactation. The groups were distributed in a 2x2 factorial scheme for the periods of gestation (up to 150 days) and lactation (first 12 weeks) in control goats (Ctr), goats that received Sc only during pregnancy (LevGes), goats that received Sc only during lactation (LevLac), and goats that received the Sc during pregnancy and lactation (LevGL). Significant differences (p <0.10) were found for the milk production averages in the groups between the Ctr and LevGL groups at weeks seven, eight and nine, with LevGL being the group with the higher averages. Total milk production over 12 weeks was higher for the LevGes and LevGL groups. For the LevGL group, production remained at higher averages and with no significant difference from the first to the 12th week of lactation, which indicated stabilization in the average milk production resulting from supplementation with Sc. The fourth chapter presents the evaluation of body composition after adding Sc in the diet of goats descended or not from mothers treated during pregnancy. The treated goats were supplemented from birth to 128 days of age. The progenies were distributed in groups of kids without Sc, daughters of mothers without Sc (CtrFSem), kids with Sc, Cows of mothers without Sc (CtrFLev), kids without Sc, daughters of mothers with Sc (TrFSem), kids with Sc, daughters of mothers with Sc (TrFLev), kids without supplementation with Sc, children of mothers without Sc (CtrMSem), kids with Sc, children of mothers without Sc (CtrMLev), kids without Sc, children of mothers with Sc (TrMSem), kids with Sc and children of mothers with Sc (TrMLev). The results indicate a significant difference (p <0.05) for the variables live weight and adipose tissue for the CtrFLev and CtrMLev groups, for lean mass +bone mineral content in the CtrFLev group and for bone mineral density in the CtrMLev group. Supplementation with dry hydrolyzed Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoted changes in the body composition of Saanen kids’ goats treated from birth.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Prebióticos, Mananoligossacarídeos, Ruminantes, Saúde gastrintestinal, Nutracêuticos, Prebiotics, Mannan oligosaccharides, Ruminants, Gastrointestinal health, Nutraceuticals