Proteção adaptativa em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica utilizando relés digitais e controladores lógicos programáveis
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Data
2020-08-05
Autores
Souza Junior, Waldery Pereira de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a crescente utilização de fontes de energia renováveis nos últimos anos por parte do consumidor, são necessárias as análises do sistema de energia elétrica para avaliar os impactos da conexão destes geradores. Sabe-se de um modo geral que a conexão de geradores distribuídos (GDs) causa alteração nas correntes de curto-circuito e principalmente nas correntes de carga fornecidas pelas subestações (SEs), causando desligamentos indevidos, descoordenação de dispositivos, sub alcance da proteção de sobrecorrente temporizada, entre outros. Este trabalho propõe a implementação de proteção adaptativa em relés digitais comerciais, considerando a inserção de GDs (fotovoltaica) em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica utilizando um controlador lógico programável (CLP) para controlar os valores de pickup da função de sobrecorrente temporizada de fase (51) dos relés, conforme a inserção de GDs no sistema. A implementação foi realizada utilizando dois relés de proteção GE Multilin Modelos UR F35 – Proteção de Alimentadores e um CLP GE IP. A ideia apresentada no trabalho consiste em propor uma solução para que o sistema de proteção mantenha a coordenação e seletividade, utilizando condições e cálculos que alterem automaticamente o pickup da função 51 sempre que houver a inserção de GDs e de acordo com o percentual de variação da corrente de carga fornecida. Utilizou-se o sistema de 13 barras do IEEE, com um perfil de carga real, sendo simulada a inserção de GD de 0% a 100% através do software DIgSILENT®, largamente empregado pelas concessionárias de energia elétrica, garantindo a confiabilidade para os resultados obtidos. Para validar as simulações, utilizou-se uma caixa de testes hexafásica PONOVO, injetando as correntes nos relés conforme as simulações previamente realizadas pelo software DIgSILENT®. Os resultados mostram a eficiência e robustez da proteção adaptativa proposta visto que a metodologia foi capaz de manter a coordenação e a seletividade do sistema de proteção mesmo com a inserção de GD.
With increasing use of renewable energy sources in recent years by consumers, electricity solutions are needed to assess the impacts of their generating capacity. It is generally known that it is a connection of distributed generators (DGs) cause the influence of short-circuit currents and especially in the bidding chains of the substations, turning off the undue, uncoordinated devices, sub time-overcurrent protection, among others. This work is an implementation of adaptive protection in digital relays considering the implementation of electricity distribution networks using a programmable logic controller (PLC) to control the function values of the phase time-overcurrent function (51) of the Relays as an insertion of DGs (photovoltaic) into the system. Implementation was accomplished using two GE Multilin Protection Relays Models UR F35 - Feeder Protection and a GE IP PLC. The idea presented in this paper is to propose a solution for the protection system to maintain coordination and selectivity using conditions and calculations that automatically change the pickup of the function 51 whenever there is the insertion of GDs and according to the percentage of variation of the current load. The IEEE 13 busbar system was used with a real load profile, being simulated the insertion of DG from 0% to 100% through the software DIgSILENT®, widely used by electric utilities to guarantee the reliability of the results obtained. To validate the simulations, a PONOVO hexaphase test box was used, injecting the currents into the relays according to the simulations previously performed by the DIgSILENT® software.The results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed adaptive protection since the methodology was able to maintain the coordination and selectivity of the protection system even with the insertion of DG.
With increasing use of renewable energy sources in recent years by consumers, electricity solutions are needed to assess the impacts of their generating capacity. It is generally known that it is a connection of distributed generators (DGs) cause the influence of short-circuit currents and especially in the bidding chains of the substations, turning off the undue, uncoordinated devices, sub time-overcurrent protection, among others. This work is an implementation of adaptive protection in digital relays considering the implementation of electricity distribution networks using a programmable logic controller (PLC) to control the function values of the phase time-overcurrent function (51) of the Relays as an insertion of DGs (photovoltaic) into the system. Implementation was accomplished using two GE Multilin Protection Relays Models UR F35 - Feeder Protection and a GE IP PLC. The idea presented in this paper is to propose a solution for the protection system to maintain coordination and selectivity using conditions and calculations that automatically change the pickup of the function 51 whenever there is the insertion of GDs and according to the percentage of variation of the current load. The IEEE 13 busbar system was used with a real load profile, being simulated the insertion of DG from 0% to 100% through the software DIgSILENT®, widely used by electric utilities to guarantee the reliability of the results obtained. To validate the simulations, a PONOVO hexaphase test box was used, injecting the currents into the relays according to the simulations previously performed by the DIgSILENT® software.The results show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed adaptive protection since the methodology was able to maintain the coordination and selectivity of the protection system even with the insertion of DG.
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Palavras-chave
Proteção adaptativa, Geração distribuída, Relés de proteção digitais, Controlador lógico programável, Adaptive protection, Distributed generation, Digital protection relays, Programmable logical controller