Cultivares de Amendoim Sob Deficiência Hídrica
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Data
2020-08-03
Autores
Martins, Pedro de Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa Martins
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O amendoim é uma planta com origem na América Latina, muito utilizada para a alimentação humana e constantemente melhorada para sua produção mundial. No Brasil, várias empresas possuem suas cultivares para a venda, desenvolvidas para a melhora da resistência a doenças e pragas, aumento da produção e também para uma produção em locais com condições ambientais mais rígidas, principalmente em relação a ausência de água. A falta de água no ambiente faz que a planta não consiga ter um bom desenvolvimento, de modo que a produção será menor, tornando-a inviável para cultivo em áreas com estações secas. Estudos serão feitos para verificar as melhores cultivares para esses ambientes e para averiguar outros métodos que possam influir no rendimento da planta, como o uso de reguladores de crescimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar experimentos para a verificação de quais as cultivares com melhor adaptação à restrição hídrica durante o período reprodutivo da planta e o uso de maturadores de crescimento para melhorar as condições de cultivo. Foram realizados dois experimentos para esse estudo: o primeiro expondo as cultivares IAC Runner 886, IAC 503 e IAC Sempre Verde à restrição hídrica durante o período inicial (R1 e R2) a 80% e 30% da capacidade de campo, avaliando-se as características morfofisiológicas e escolhendo, a partir de uma análise multivariada, quais as melhores cultivares nessas condições, e em seguida realizando um estudo com a deficiência hídrica nos períodos reprodutivos R2, R5 e R7, sendo aplicado o regulador de crescimento Moddus® durante o período R5, para verificar se o seu uso seria melhor para o desenvolvimento das plantas; o segundo experimento foi realizado com as cultivares IAC 503, IAC 505, IAC OL3, IAC OL4 e IAC OL5, com diferentes condições hídricas – 80% (testemunha), 50% e 20% da capacidade de campo – ocorrendo nos períodos reprodutivos R2, R3, R4, R5 e R8, verificando as características morfológicas e o índice de tolerância à seca. O primeiro experimento indica as modificações existentes em cada cultivar, sendo a IAC 503 a mais tolerante ao período de restrição, tendo perdas menores durante o período inicial e produção alta com o estresse ocorrendo nos períodos subsequentes. O uso do regulador de crescimento manteve as plantas em estágio mais avantajado, sendo uma boa opção para ser aplicada nessas áreas. O segundo experimento indica que as cultivares mais adaptadas a ambientes de restrição hídrica foram a IAC 503 e a IAC OL4, com menores perdas causadas nas condições implicadas, sendo as selecionadas para recomendação de plantio.
Peanut is a plant with its origin in Latin America, being very used for human feeding, being constantly enhanced for its global cropping. In Brazil, many companies possess their cultivars for sale, being obtained for better resistance against plagues and diseases, higher crop production and also for better cultivars for highly risked environmental conditions places, especially water stresses. Regarding water conditions, when it is missing, plants are with no conditions for great growth and development, causing it to have worse productions, making it impossible to be cropped in areas with this climate conditions. Therefore, studies are performed for selection of better cultivars and other methods for these environmental conditions, like the use of growth regulators for production being better. The main objective in this work was to perform experiments to verify which one has better adaptation for water stresses during the reproductive period and usage of growth regulator in order for better production. Two experiments were performed in this work: first exposing cultivars IAC Runner 886, IAC 503 and IAC Sempre Verde to hydric stress during initial reproductive periods (R1 and R2) for 80% and 30% of field capacity, evaluating its morphophysiological conditions and choosing, from a multivariate analysis, which are better for hydric stresses, and so, analyzing then the same cultivars in hydric stress in reproductive periods R2, R5 and R7, being applied growth regulator Moddus® during R5 period, to verify if its usage is better for plant growth conditions; the second was performed with cultivars IAC 503, IAC 505, IAC OL3, IAC OL4 and IAC OL5, with different hydric conditions - 80% (control plot), 50% and 20% of field capacity – occurring in reproductive periods of R2, R3, R4, R5 and R8, verifying its morphological conditions and its drought resistance index. First experiment exposes the modifications existent in each cultivar, being IAC 503 the most stable cultivar, having less losses during initial period and high enough production during hydric stress conditions. Growth regulator usage was taken as useful for application, given it has maintained plants growth better. Second experiment indicates that cultivars most adapted for hydric conditions were IAC 503 and IAC OL4, with lesser losses caused by the implied conditions, being selected for being cropped.
Peanut is a plant with its origin in Latin America, being very used for human feeding, being constantly enhanced for its global cropping. In Brazil, many companies possess their cultivars for sale, being obtained for better resistance against plagues and diseases, higher crop production and also for better cultivars for highly risked environmental conditions places, especially water stresses. Regarding water conditions, when it is missing, plants are with no conditions for great growth and development, causing it to have worse productions, making it impossible to be cropped in areas with this climate conditions. Therefore, studies are performed for selection of better cultivars and other methods for these environmental conditions, like the use of growth regulators for production being better. The main objective in this work was to perform experiments to verify which one has better adaptation for water stresses during the reproductive period and usage of growth regulator in order for better production. Two experiments were performed in this work: first exposing cultivars IAC Runner 886, IAC 503 and IAC Sempre Verde to hydric stress during initial reproductive periods (R1 and R2) for 80% and 30% of field capacity, evaluating its morphophysiological conditions and choosing, from a multivariate analysis, which are better for hydric stresses, and so, analyzing then the same cultivars in hydric stress in reproductive periods R2, R5 and R7, being applied growth regulator Moddus® during R5 period, to verify if its usage is better for plant growth conditions; the second was performed with cultivars IAC 503, IAC 505, IAC OL3, IAC OL4 and IAC OL5, with different hydric conditions - 80% (control plot), 50% and 20% of field capacity – occurring in reproductive periods of R2, R3, R4, R5 and R8, verifying its morphological conditions and its drought resistance index. First experiment exposes the modifications existent in each cultivar, being IAC 503 the most stable cultivar, having less losses during initial period and high enough production during hydric stress conditions. Growth regulator usage was taken as useful for application, given it has maintained plants growth better. Second experiment indicates that cultivars most adapted for hydric conditions were IAC 503 and IAC OL4, with lesser losses caused by the implied conditions, being selected for being cropped.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Amendoim, Desidratação (Hídrica), Pragas