Aplicação anual de lodo de esgoto por vinte e três anos em dois Latossolos em região tropical e o comportamento da matéria orgânica, da capacidade de troca catiônica e do fósforo
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Data
2020-08-10
Autores
Rocha, Antonio Márcio Souza
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de lodo de esgoto (LE) na agricultura promove benefícios porque pode aumentar a matéria orgânica (MO), a capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC) e o teor de fósforo (P) do solo. No entanto, em solos de clima tropical as taxas de LE devem ser criteriosamente definidas devido à rápida degradação dos resíduos orgânicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se aplicações anuais de doses de lodo de esgoto por longo prazo modificam os teores de matéria orgânica, capacidade de troca catiônica e de fósforo disponível de dois Latossolos com diferentes atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos e ocorrendo em condições de clima tropical. Foi avaliado os teores de MO, CTC e P em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico - LVd e Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico - LVef durante 23 anos de aplicações anuais de LE nas doses: 0, 5, 10 e 20 Mg ha-1. A aplicação de lodo de esgoto por longo período de tempo aumentou progressivamente o teor de matéria orgânica em solo de baixa fertilidade natural (LVd) em todas as doses avaliadas ao longo dos anos. No solo de média fertilidade (LVef), o aumento de MO ocorreu nas doses 10 Mg ha-1 e 20 Mg ha-1, com maior incremento na dose de 20 Mg ha-1. Aumento na CTC foi proporcional aos ganhos de MO para ambos os solos. Apenas as doses de 10 Mg ha-1 e 20 Mg ha-1 proporcionaram aumento de P disponível ao longo dos anos para ambos os solos, com destaque para a dose de 20 no LVef. Desta forma, a resposta da matéria orgânica, da capacidade de troca catiônica e do P-disponível no solo à aplicação de doses anuais de lodo de esgoto por longo período de tempo em condições de clima tropical, depende da dose aplicada e do tipo de solo. Sendo a dose de 10 Mg ha-1 a recomendada para o LVd e a dose de 20 Mg ha-1 para o LVd.
The use of sewage sludge (SS) in agriculture promotes benefits because it can increase the organic matter (SOM), the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the phosphorus content (P) of the soil. However, in soils with a tropical climate, SS rates must be carefully defined due to the rapid degradation of organic waste. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether long-term annual applications of sewage sludge modify the levels of organic matter, cation exchange capacity and available phosphorus in two Oxisols with different physical, chemical and biological attributes and occurring in climatic conditions tropical. The levels of SOM, CEC and P in Dystrophic Red Latosol - LVd and Eutrophic Red Latosol - LVef were evaluated during 23 years of annual SS applications at doses: 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. The application of sewage sludge for a long period of time progressively increased the content of organic matter in soil with low natural fertility (LVd) in all doses evaluated over the years. In medium fertility soil (LVef), the increase in SOM occurred at doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1, with a greater increase in the dose of 20 Mg ha-1. The increase in CEC was proportional to the SOM gains for both soils. Only the doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1 provided an increase in available P over the years for both soils, with emphasis on the dose of 20 in LVef. Thus, the response of organic matter, cation exchange capacity and P-available in the soil to the application of annual doses of sewage sludge for a long period of time in tropical climate conditions, depends on the applied dose and the type of soil. The dose of 10 Mg ha-1 being that recommended for LVd and the dose of 20 Mg ha-1 for LVd.
The use of sewage sludge (SS) in agriculture promotes benefits because it can increase the organic matter (SOM), the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the phosphorus content (P) of the soil. However, in soils with a tropical climate, SS rates must be carefully defined due to the rapid degradation of organic waste. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether long-term annual applications of sewage sludge modify the levels of organic matter, cation exchange capacity and available phosphorus in two Oxisols with different physical, chemical and biological attributes and occurring in climatic conditions tropical. The levels of SOM, CEC and P in Dystrophic Red Latosol - LVd and Eutrophic Red Latosol - LVef were evaluated during 23 years of annual SS applications at doses: 0, 5, 10 and 20 Mg ha-1. The application of sewage sludge for a long period of time progressively increased the content of organic matter in soil with low natural fertility (LVd) in all doses evaluated over the years. In medium fertility soil (LVef), the increase in SOM occurred at doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1, with a greater increase in the dose of 20 Mg ha-1. The increase in CEC was proportional to the SOM gains for both soils. Only the doses of 10 Mg ha-1 and 20 Mg ha-1 provided an increase in available P over the years for both soils, with emphasis on the dose of 20 in LVef. Thus, the response of organic matter, cation exchange capacity and P-available in the soil to the application of annual doses of sewage sludge for a long period of time in tropical climate conditions, depends on the applied dose and the type of soil. The dose of 10 Mg ha-1 being that recommended for LVd and the dose of 20 Mg ha-1 for LVd.
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Palavras-chave
Biossólidos, Experimento de longo prazo, Fertilidade do solo, Resíduo orgânico, Sustentabilidade na agricultura, Biosolids, Long-term experiment, Soil fertility, Organic waste, Sustainability in agriculture