Efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade nos tecidos ósseo e muscular de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos
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Data
2020-01-28
Autores
Aleixo, Paulo Henrique [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A expectativa de vida vem aumentando e consequentemente a procura por uma melhor qualidade de vida. O treinamento físico atua de maneira adjuvante no controle e tratamento da Hipertensão Arterial Sistólica (HAS) uma vez que resulta em hipertrofia muscular e apresenta efeito dilatador dos vasos, resultando na diminuição da pressão sanguínea, facilitando a nutrição dos tecidos ósseos e musculoesqueléticos. Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi observar e avaliar as variáveis do tecido ósseo e tecido muscular de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos submetidos ao Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade (HIIT). Método: Foram utilizados 20 ratos machos, espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR), com 12 meses de idade, distribuídos em 2 grupos: Grupo SHR Controle (C) e Grupo SHR Treinamento (HITT). O treinamento teve duração de aproximadamente 50 minutos/dia, 5 dias/semana e duração de 8 semanas. Foi realizada a aferição da pressão arterial sistólica (PA) no início e ao final do experimento. Após 48 horas da última sessão de treinamento, os animais foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico, para remoção do fêmur e da tíbia, as amostras foram analisadas na densitometria por dupla emissão de raios-X (DXA). O Gastrocnêmico medial foi utilizado para a mensuração do menor diâmetro das fibras. em seguida, foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk seguido do teste Mann Whitney para a comparação entre medianas das fibras musculares. Para análise da PA foi utilizado a Análise de Variância – ANOVA seguido de teste Tukey. Todos os procedimentos adotaram o valor de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: no tecido ósseo foi verificado que houve diferença estatística (p<0,05) para a variável da Área do fêmur (2,07 vs 1,88 cm²). Além disso, as demais variáveis do fêmur e tíbia não sofreram alterações significativas (p>0,05). Já nas fibras musculares, foi observado que os valores de mediana para a variável “menor diâmetro” no grupo C foi de 29,51 (9,95) m e no grupo HIIT 33,45 (9,44) m (p<0,05). Os valores pressóricos apresentaram diminuição significativa ao final do experimento (p<0,05). Conclusões: O HIIT promoveu um aumento nos valores de mediana das fibras musculares dos animais. Além disso, no Fêmur, observou-se a diminuição significativa na área (p<0,05). Por fim, foi possível verificar a diminuição significativa dos valores de variação da pressão arterial (p<0,05).
Life expectancy has been increasing and, consequently, the search for a better quality of life. Physical training acts as an adjuvant in the control and treatment of hypertension, since it has a dilating effect on the vessels and muscle hypertrophy, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure, facilitating the nutrition of bone and skeletal muscle tissues. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of HIIT on bone and muscle tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats, submitted to High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). Method: Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), male, 12 months of age, were divided into two groups: Sedentary SHR Group (C) and Training SHR Group (HITT). The training lasted approximately 50 minutes/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured at the beginning and end of the study. Analysis: 48 hours after the last training session, the animals were submitted to a surgical procedure, to remove from the femur and tibia, the samples were analyzed in densitometry by double emission of X-rays (DXA). The medial gastrocnemius muscle was used to measure the smallest diameter of the fibers, after which the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed, followed by the Mann Whitney test to compare the median muscle fibers. For analysis of BP, the Analysis of Variance - ANOVA was used, followed by the Tukey test. All procedures adopted the significance value of 5% (p<0.05). Results: in bone tissue it was found that there was a statistical difference (p<0,05) for the Femoral Area variable. Muscle fibers, the median values for the variable “smallest diameter” were 29.51 (9.95) m in the C group and 33.45 (9.44) m in the HIIT group (p<0.05). Pressure values showed a significant decrease at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: The present study found that HIIT promoted an increase in the median values of animal muscle fibers, and decrease in blood pressure.
Life expectancy has been increasing and, consequently, the search for a better quality of life. Physical training acts as an adjuvant in the control and treatment of hypertension, since it has a dilating effect on the vessels and muscle hypertrophy, resulting in a decrease in blood pressure, facilitating the nutrition of bone and skeletal muscle tissues. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of HIIT on bone and muscle tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats, submitted to High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). Method: Twenty spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), male, 12 months of age, were divided into two groups: Sedentary SHR Group (C) and Training SHR Group (HITT). The training lasted approximately 50 minutes/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured at the beginning and end of the study. Analysis: 48 hours after the last training session, the animals were submitted to a surgical procedure, to remove from the femur and tibia, the samples were analyzed in densitometry by double emission of X-rays (DXA). The medial gastrocnemius muscle was used to measure the smallest diameter of the fibers, after which the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was performed, followed by the Mann Whitney test to compare the median muscle fibers. For analysis of BP, the Analysis of Variance - ANOVA was used, followed by the Tukey test. All procedures adopted the significance value of 5% (p<0.05). Results: in bone tissue it was found that there was a statistical difference (p<0,05) for the Femoral Area variable. Muscle fibers, the median values for the variable “smallest diameter” were 29.51 (9.95) m in the C group and 33.45 (9.44) m in the HIIT group (p<0.05). Pressure values showed a significant decrease at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: The present study found that HIIT promoted an increase in the median values of animal muscle fibers, and decrease in blood pressure.
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Palavras-chave
Treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade, Hipertensão arterial, Ratos espontaneamente hipertensivos, Tecido muscular, Osso e óssos, High intensity interval training, Arterial hypertension, Spontaneously hypertensive rats, Bone tissue, Muscle tissue