Pesquisa de Trypanosoma spp. em primatas de cativeiro de cinco regiões do Brasil
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2020-10-23
Autores
Santos, Wesley José dos [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os tripanosomas são parasitos pertencentes à família Trypanosomatidae, sendo um amplo gênero de parasitos de grande interesse médico, já que eles infectam vertebrados e utilizam diversos insetos como agentes vetores. Um dos tripanosomas mais conhecidos é Trypanosoma cruzi, agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, que infecta humanos e animais, incluindo primatas não humanos (PNH). Os PNH são naturalmente infectados por tripanosomas presentes no ambiente onde estão inseridos, mesmo os mantidos em cativeiro, como parques zoológicos e centros de conservação. Esses ambientes não estão livres da ação de insetos hematófagos que são transmissores desses tripanosomas e os PNH podem ser infectados durante atividade de repasto sanguíneo do vetor. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar tripanosomas em PNH procedentes de quatro zoológicos e um centro de conservação das cinco regiões do Brasil. Foram recebidas 576 amostras biológicas (compreendendo sangue total, soro, esfregaço por extensão e swab conjuntival) de 189 PNH que foram utilizadas para técnica parasitológica de esfregaço por extensão, técnica sorológica de Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e técnica molecular de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e em tempo real (qPCR) para T. cruzi e família Trypanosomatidae. Das 140 lâminas de esfregaço por extensão, duas (1,0%) apresentaram formas sugestivas de tripanosomas, enquanto das 149 amostras de sangue de PNH, 49 (32,9%) amplificaram para T. cruzi ou para outro tripanosoma, além de 49 amostras (32,9%) que quantificaram pela qPCR para tripanosomatídeos (as quais 28 delas não haviam amplificado à PCR). Das 121 amostras de swab conjuntival, 41 PNH (34,7%) amplificaram para tripanosomas. Todos os 166 PNH foram não reagentes à técnica de RIFI. Esta pesquisa apontou a circulação de T. cruzi entre os PNH de cativeiro de todos os zoológicos e do centro de conservação estudados de todas as cinco regiões do Brasil, sendo o primeiro relato da presença de T. cruzi em PNH de cativeiro em Sorocaba, em primatas no Estado da Bahia e em primatas da região Sul do país, e primeiro a apontar a viabilidade do uso de swab conjuntival como método de detecção não invasiva nestes animais. Tais resultados indicam que há circulação de triatomíneos vetores desses parasitos próximos aos animais, o que se sugere a necessidade de busca ativa para controle vetorial.
Trypanosomes are parasites belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family, being a wide genus of parasites of wide medical interest, since they infect vertebrates and use various insects as vectors. One of the most well-known trypanosomes is Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, which infects humans and animals, including non-human primates (NHP). NHPs are naturally infected by trypanosomes present in the environment, even in captivity, such as zoo parks and conservation centers. These environments are not free from the action of blood-sucking insects that transmit these trypanosomes and NHP can be infected during their blood meal activity. Thus, the objective was to research T. cruzi in NHP from four zoos and a conservation center in the five regions of Brazil. 576 biological samples (whole blood, serum, blood smears and conjunctival swab) of 189 NHP were received and used for parasitological technique of blood smear, serological technique of Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction molecular technique (PCR) and in real time (qPCR) for T. cruzi and Trypanosomatidae family. Of the 140 blood smears, two (1.0%) had suggestive forms of trypanosomes, while of 149 blood samples from NHP, 49 (32.9%) amplified for T. cruzi or for another trypanosome, in addition to 49 samples (32.9%) that were quantified by qPCR (28 of which had not been amplified in PCR). 166 samples were tested using the RIFI technique and none were reagent. This research points to the circulation of T. cruzi among the NHP of all zoos and the conservation center of all regions of Brazil, being the first report of the presence of T. cruzi in captive NHP in Sorocaba, in the primates from State of Bahia and in primates in the Southern region of Brazil and first to point out the feasibility of using conjunctival swab as a non-invasive detection method in these animals. These results indicate that there is circulation of triatomine vectors of these parasites close to the animals, which suggests the need for an active search for vector control.
Trypanosomes are parasites belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family, being a wide genus of parasites of wide medical interest, since they infect vertebrates and use various insects as vectors. One of the most well-known trypanosomes is Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, which infects humans and animals, including non-human primates (NHP). NHPs are naturally infected by trypanosomes present in the environment, even in captivity, such as zoo parks and conservation centers. These environments are not free from the action of blood-sucking insects that transmit these trypanosomes and NHP can be infected during their blood meal activity. Thus, the objective was to research T. cruzi in NHP from four zoos and a conservation center in the five regions of Brazil. 576 biological samples (whole blood, serum, blood smears and conjunctival swab) of 189 NHP were received and used for parasitological technique of blood smear, serological technique of Immunofluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) and Polymerase Chain Reaction molecular technique (PCR) and in real time (qPCR) for T. cruzi and Trypanosomatidae family. Of the 140 blood smears, two (1.0%) had suggestive forms of trypanosomes, while of 149 blood samples from NHP, 49 (32.9%) amplified for T. cruzi or for another trypanosome, in addition to 49 samples (32.9%) that were quantified by qPCR (28 of which had not been amplified in PCR). 166 samples were tested using the RIFI technique and none were reagent. This research points to the circulation of T. cruzi among the NHP of all zoos and the conservation center of all regions of Brazil, being the first report of the presence of T. cruzi in captive NHP in Sorocaba, in the primates from State of Bahia and in primates in the Southern region of Brazil and first to point out the feasibility of using conjunctival swab as a non-invasive detection method in these animals. These results indicate that there is circulation of triatomine vectors of these parasites close to the animals, which suggests the need for an active search for vector control.
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Palavras-chave
Doença de Chagas, Macaco, Diagnóstico, One Health, Trypanosoma cruzi