Espaços públicos de permanência: metodologia de avaliação da qualidade espacial e vitalidade
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Data
2020-09-24
Autores
Previero, Eduarda de Mattos
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho objetiva contribuir com uma metodologia de avaliação da qualidade espacial e vitalidade de espaços públicos de permanência, a partir da definição de categorias para a análise da qualidade espacial (Ambiente|Conforto, Imagem|Apelo Visual, Acessos e Conexões, Segurança, Entorno|Mobilidade, Atividades|Usos) e da vitalidade (Uso e Sociabilidade) e indicadores para cada um. A metodologia proposta consta das seguintes etapas: (i) ferramenta de análise composta por um índice e indicadores, e (ii) observação do comportamento dos usuários. A primeira etapa é avaliada através de questões diretas sobre as características físicas do espaço, que devem ser respondidas com “sim”, “não” ou “parcial” e apresentam uma forma de análise de fácil compreensão e aplicação. A segunda etapa colabora na identificação dos usos e sociabilidade do espaço, com o fim de estabelecer o nível de vitalidade, através de questões que devem ser respondidas após as observações no local. Esses procedimentos buscam auxiliar no entendimento da relação entre qualidade espacial e a vitalidade. O maior diferencial do método proposto está na forma de apresentação dos resultados, através de um fluxograma de pictogramas – representações gráficas que tem o intuito de transmitir informações de forma clara e ágil. Cada pictograma representa a categoria de análise e respectiva atribuição de valor representada pelo uso de cores. A metodologia proposta foi aplicada em duas praças, localizadas na cidade de Bauru-SP, e permitiu identificar como a qualidade espacial influencia a vitalidade do espaço, ou seja, as características de uso e sociabilidade. Os resultados evidenciaram os seguintes aspectos positivos na estrutura física dos espaços, como a presença de bancos, vegetação, academia ao ar livre entre outros. Por outro lado, os aspectos negativos destacados foram a falta de iluminação e de segurança. Em relação ao uso e sociabilidade, foram identificados principalmente pontos positivos, como a diversidade e a permanência de usuários por toda extensão dos espaços. Nesse contexto, a metodologia desenvolvida além de servir de instrumento para subsidiar intervenções locais, também pode contribuir para análise comparativa entre diferentes espaços e, assim, servir como uma ferramenta de apoio a decisão de intervenções e planejamento de espaços públicos de permanência, com o fim de melhorar a qualidade espacial e as características de uso e sociabilidade.
This work aims to contribute with a methodology to evaluate the spatial quality and vitality of public spaces of permanence, from the definition of categories for the analysis of the spatial quality (Environment|Comfort, Image|Visual Appeal, Accesses and Connections, Security, Surroundings|Mobility, Activities|Uses) and vitality (Use and Sociability) and indicators for each. The proposed methodology consists of the following steps: (i) analysis tool composed of an index and indicators, and (ii) observation of users' behavior. The first stage is evaluated through direct questions about the physical characteristics of the space, which must be answered with “yes”, “no” or “partial” and present a form of analysis that is easy to understand and apply. The second stage collaborates in the identification of the uses and sociability of the space, in order to establish the level of vitality, through questions that must be answered after the observations in the place. These procedures seek to assist in understanding the relationship between spatial quality and vitality. The biggest difference of the proposed method is in the form of presentation of the results, through a flowchart of pictograms - graphic representations that have the intention of transmitting information in a clear and agile way. Each pictogram represents the category of analysis and the respective attribution of value represented by the use of colors. The proposed methodology was applied in two squares, located in the city of Bauru-SP, and allowed to identify how the spatial quality influences the vitality of the space, that is, the characteristics of use and sociability. The results showed the following positive aspects in the physical structure of the spaces, such as the presence of benches, vegetation, an outdoor gym, among others. On the other hand, the negative aspects highlighted were the lack of lighting and security. Regarding use and sociability, mainly positive points were identified, such as diversity and the permanence of users throughout the entire space. In this context, the methodology developed, in addition to serving as an instrument to subsidize local interventions, can also contribute to comparative analysis between different spaces and, thus, serve as a tool to support the decision of interventions and planning public spaces of permanence, with the aim of to improve the spatial quality and the characteristics of use and sociability.
This work aims to contribute with a methodology to evaluate the spatial quality and vitality of public spaces of permanence, from the definition of categories for the analysis of the spatial quality (Environment|Comfort, Image|Visual Appeal, Accesses and Connections, Security, Surroundings|Mobility, Activities|Uses) and vitality (Use and Sociability) and indicators for each. The proposed methodology consists of the following steps: (i) analysis tool composed of an index and indicators, and (ii) observation of users' behavior. The first stage is evaluated through direct questions about the physical characteristics of the space, which must be answered with “yes”, “no” or “partial” and present a form of analysis that is easy to understand and apply. The second stage collaborates in the identification of the uses and sociability of the space, in order to establish the level of vitality, through questions that must be answered after the observations in the place. These procedures seek to assist in understanding the relationship between spatial quality and vitality. The biggest difference of the proposed method is in the form of presentation of the results, through a flowchart of pictograms - graphic representations that have the intention of transmitting information in a clear and agile way. Each pictogram represents the category of analysis and the respective attribution of value represented by the use of colors. The proposed methodology was applied in two squares, located in the city of Bauru-SP, and allowed to identify how the spatial quality influences the vitality of the space, that is, the characteristics of use and sociability. The results showed the following positive aspects in the physical structure of the spaces, such as the presence of benches, vegetation, an outdoor gym, among others. On the other hand, the negative aspects highlighted were the lack of lighting and security. Regarding use and sociability, mainly positive points were identified, such as diversity and the permanence of users throughout the entire space. In this context, the methodology developed, in addition to serving as an instrument to subsidize local interventions, can also contribute to comparative analysis between different spaces and, thus, serve as a tool to support the decision of interventions and planning public spaces of permanence, with the aim of to improve the spatial quality and the characteristics of use and sociability.
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Palavras-chave
Espaço público, Praça, Qualidade espacial, Vitalidade, Indicadores de desempenho, Public space, Square, Spatial quality, Vitality, Performance indicators