Efeitos da fibra de laranja na digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produtos de fermentação nas fezes e tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal de cães
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Data
2020-09-30
Autores
Volpe, Lara Mantovani [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Fibras são utilizadas em alimentos comerciais de cães para favorecer a saúde intestinal pelo fornecimento de substrato para melhor atividade metabólica da microbiota presente neste órgão. Fibras solúveis e fermentáveis podem apresentar melhor este efeito, sendo em geral mais caras e menos disponíveis comercialmente. O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de laranja, de cuja fruta é possível se obter fibra com importante fração solúvel, com potencial de emprego em alimentos para cães. Esta dissertação apresenta dois capitulos, no primeiro é apresentado levantamento bibliográfico da fibra e seus efeitos na nutrição de cães, incluindo informações da fibra de laranja, ingrediente que foi objeto de estudo do segundo capítulo. O segundo capítulo reporta estudo que teve por objetivo comparar os efeitos de duas inclusões de fibra de laranja (1 e 3%), em comparação com alimento controle negativo (sem adição de fonte fibras) e dois controles positivos, representados pela inclusão de 3% de polpa de beterraba ou 1% de inulina purificada, totalizando cinco rações extrusadas para cães. Os alimentos foram testados em 40 cães adultos e a digestibilidade foi determinada pelo método de coleta total de fezes. Fezes recém eliminadas foram recolhidas para análises de pH e produtos de fermentação. O tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal foi determinado utilizando-se marcadores plásticos. O estudo seguiu delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 4 blocos de 10 cães, 2 cães por ração em cada bloco totalizando 8 cães por ração. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância, quando diferenças foram obtidas no Teste F, médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0.05). Foi possível identificar que as dietas com 1 e 3% fibra de laranja apresentaram aumento significativo na produção de ácidos graxos voláteis, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta totais, ácido acético e ácido butírico em comparação com controle (P<0,05). Fezes com maior teor de água foram dos animais que receberam o tratamento 3% Fibra de Laranja, e mesmo alimento foi o que apresentou maior consumo de FDT. Os tratamentos 3% Fibra de Laranja e 3% Polpa de Beterraba apresentaram menor digestibilidade de matéria seca, matéria orgânica e proteína bruta. Não houve diferença significativa no escore fecal e no tempo de trânsigo gastrointestinal entre os tratamentos. Os resultados quanto à digestibilidade de nutrientes, teor de água nas fezes e produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) nas fezes foram semelhantes aos obtidos por outros trabalhos que avaliaram os efeitos de fontes de fibras na alimentação de cães. A presente disseração concluiu que o uso de fibra de laranja aumenta a produção de AGCC, o teor de água nas fezes, se tratando, portanto, de uma boa fonte de fibras na a alimentação de cães.
Fibers are used in commercial dog food to promote intestinal health by providing substrate for better metabolic activity of the microbiota present in this organ. Soluble and fermentable fibers can better present this effect and are generally more expensive and less commercially available. Brazil is the world's largest producer of oranges, from whose fruit it is possible to obtain fiber with an important soluble fraction, with potential for use in dog food. This dissertation presents two chapters, the first one presents a bibliographic survey of the fiber and its effects on nutrition of dogs, including information on orange fiber, an ingredient that was the object of study in the second chapter. The second chapter reports a study that aimed to compare the effects of two orange fiber inclusions (1 and 3%), in comparison with negative control food (without addition of fiber source) and two positive controls, represented by the inclusion of 3% of beet pulp or 1% purified inulin, totaling five extruded dog food. Food was tested on 40 adult dogs and digestibility was determined by the total feces collection method. Freshly eliminated feces were collected for pH analysis and fermentation products. Gastrointestinal transit time was determined using plastic markers. The study followed a randomized block design, with 4 blocks of 10 dogs, 2 dogs per feed in each block totaling 8 dogs per feed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, when differences were obtained in Test F, means were compared by Tukey's test (P <0.05). It was possible to identify that diets with 1 and 3% orange fiber showed a significant increase in the production of volatile fatty acids, total short-chain fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid compared to control (P <0.05). Faeces with higher water content were from animals that received the 3% Orange Fiber treatment, and the same food was the one that presented the highest consumption of FDT. The 3% Orange Fiber and 3% Beet Pulp treatments showed less digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein. There was no significant difference in fecal score and gastrointestinal transit time between treatments. The results, regarding the digestibility of nutrients, water content in feces and production of shortchain fatty acids (AGCC) in feces were similar to those obtained by other studies that evaluated the effects of fiber sources on dog food. The present dissertation concluded that the use of orange fiber increases the production of AGCC and water content in feces, therefore, is a good source of fibers in the feeding of dogs.
Fibers are used in commercial dog food to promote intestinal health by providing substrate for better metabolic activity of the microbiota present in this organ. Soluble and fermentable fibers can better present this effect and are generally more expensive and less commercially available. Brazil is the world's largest producer of oranges, from whose fruit it is possible to obtain fiber with an important soluble fraction, with potential for use in dog food. This dissertation presents two chapters, the first one presents a bibliographic survey of the fiber and its effects on nutrition of dogs, including information on orange fiber, an ingredient that was the object of study in the second chapter. The second chapter reports a study that aimed to compare the effects of two orange fiber inclusions (1 and 3%), in comparison with negative control food (without addition of fiber source) and two positive controls, represented by the inclusion of 3% of beet pulp or 1% purified inulin, totaling five extruded dog food. Food was tested on 40 adult dogs and digestibility was determined by the total feces collection method. Freshly eliminated feces were collected for pH analysis and fermentation products. Gastrointestinal transit time was determined using plastic markers. The study followed a randomized block design, with 4 blocks of 10 dogs, 2 dogs per feed in each block totaling 8 dogs per feed. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, when differences were obtained in Test F, means were compared by Tukey's test (P <0.05). It was possible to identify that diets with 1 and 3% orange fiber showed a significant increase in the production of volatile fatty acids, total short-chain fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid compared to control (P <0.05). Faeces with higher water content were from animals that received the 3% Orange Fiber treatment, and the same food was the one that presented the highest consumption of FDT. The 3% Orange Fiber and 3% Beet Pulp treatments showed less digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein. There was no significant difference in fecal score and gastrointestinal transit time between treatments. The results, regarding the digestibility of nutrients, water content in feces and production of shortchain fatty acids (AGCC) in feces were similar to those obtained by other studies that evaluated the effects of fiber sources on dog food. The present dissertation concluded that the use of orange fiber increases the production of AGCC and water content in feces, therefore, is a good source of fibers in the feeding of dogs.
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Palavras-chave
Nutrição, Microbiota, Prebiótico, Ácidos graxos voláteis, Atividade intestinal