Desenvolvimento, caracterização e determinação do efeito anticárie de dentifrícios contendo micropartículas e nanopartículas de isômero β de glicerofosfato de cálcio (CaGP): estudos in vitro e in situ
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Data
2020-12-18
Autores
Emerenciano, Nayara Gonçalves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de isômeros β de Glicerofosfato de cálcio (β-CaGP) microparticulado e nanoparticulado adicionados a dentifrícios convencionais (1100 ppm F) sobre o processo de desmineralização do esmalte in vitro e remineralização de lesões iniciais de cárie in situ. Para o Artigo 1 de desmineralização in vitro blocos bovinos (n = 120) foram selecionados pela dureza de superfície inicial (SHi) e divididos em 10 grupos de dentifrícios experimentais (n = 12): sem fluoreto/β-CaGPm/β-CaGPn (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associado às concentrações de 0,125%; 0,25%; 0,5% e 1,0% de β-CaGPm e β-CaGPn. Os blocos foram tratados 2x/dia com os dentifrícios, sendo submetidos a 5 ciclagens de pH durante 7 dias. Após, determinou-se a porcentagem de perda de dureza de superfície (%SH), perda integrada de dureza de subsuperfície (ΔKHN) e análise do perfil e profundidade da lesão de subsuperfície pela microscopia de luz polarizada (MLP). Concentração de fluoreto (F), cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P) no esmalte foram avaliadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA-1-critério) seguido pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). O tratamento com 1100F-0,25%β-CaGPn levou à menores valores de %SH, ΔKHN e MLP (p < 0,001). A concentração de F do esmalte foi semelhante para todos os grupos fluoretados (p > 0,001). Com 1100F-0,5%β-CaGPm e 1100F-0,25%β-CaGPn, a concentração de Ca no esmalte aumentou (p < 0,001). A maior concentração de P foi observada para o grupo 1100F-0,25%β-CaGPn (p < 0,001). O Artigo 2 de remineralização in situ foi um estudo duplo-cego e cruzado, realizado em 4 fases experimentais com duração de 3 dias cada e washout de 7 dias. Voluntários (n=12) utilizaram dispositivos palatinos, contendo 4 blocos de esmalte bovino com lesão de cárie artificial. Os regimes de tratamentos com dentifrícios foram: 1) Placebo; 2) 1100F; 3) 1100F-0,5%β-CaGPm e 4) 1100F-0,25%β-CaGPn. Os voluntários foram orientados a escovar os dentes naturais com os dispositivos palatinos na cavidade bucal, sendo os blocos tratados com o slurry dos dentifrícios por 1 minuto (3x/dia). Após cada fase determinou-se a dureza de superfície final para o cálculo da porcentagem de recuperação de dureza de superfície (%SHR), recuperação da perda integrada de dureza de subsuperfície (ΔIHR) e concentração de F, Ca e P no esmalte. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA 1-critério de medidas repetidas seguida pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls (p <0,001). O tratamento com 1100F-0,25% β-CaGPn, promoveu um aumento na %SHR. Além disso, a capacidade de reduzir o corpo da lesão (ΔIHR) foi maior com 1100F-0,25%β-CaGPn (p < 0,001). A adição de β-CaGPm e β-CaGPn ao dentifrício fluoretado não influenciou a concentração de F no esmalte (p > 0,001). O tratamento com 1100F-0,25%β-CaGPn promoveu um aumento na concentração de Ca e P no esmalte (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a adição de 0,25%β-CaGPn a um dentifrício convencional promoveu um maior efeito protetor na inibição da desmineralização do esmalte in vitro e uma ação remineralizadora in situ significativamente mais elevada quando comparado ao dentifrício convencional (1100 ppm F).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isomer micro and nano-sizeds of β calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) in different concentrations added to conventional toothpastes (1100 ppm F) on the in vitro enamel demineralization process and remineralization of initial caries lesions in situ. For Manuscript 1 in vitro demineralization, bovine blocks (n = 120) were selected for initial surface hardness (SHi) and divided into 10 groups of experimental toothpastes (n = 12): without fluoride/β-CaGPm/β-CaGPn (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with concentrations of 0.125%; 0.25%; 0.5% and 1.0% of β-CaGPm and β-CaGPn. The blocks were treated 2x/day with the toothpastes, being submitted to 5 pH cycles during 7 days. Then, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN) and analysis of the profile and depth of the subsurface lesion by polarized light microscopy (MLP) were determined. Fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentration in the enamel were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA-1-criterion) followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn led to lower values of %SH, ΔKHN and MLP (p < 0.001). The enamel F concentration was similar for all fluoride groups (p > 0.001). With 1100F-0.5%β-CaGPm and 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn, the concentration of Ca in the enamel increased (p < 0.001). The highest concentration of P was observed for the group 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn (p < 0.001). Manuscript 2 of in situ remineralization was a double-blind, cross-over study, carried out in 4 experimental phases lasting 3 days each and washout of 7 days. Volunteers (n=12) used palatal devices, containing 4 blocks of bovine enamel with artificial caries lesion. The treatment regimens with toothpastes were: 1) without F/β-CaGPm/β-CaGPn (Placebo); 2) 1100 ppm F (1100F); 3) 1100F + 0.5%β-CaGPm (1100F-0.5%β-CaGPm) and 4) 1100F + 0.25%β-CaGPn (1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn). Volunteers were guided to brush their natural teeth with the palatal devices in the oral cavity, the blocks being treated with the toothpaste slurry for 1 minute (3x/day). After each phase the final surface hardness was determined for the calculation of the surface hardness recovery percentage (%SHR), recovery of the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR) and concentration of F, Ca and P in the enamel. The data were analyzed by ANOVA 1-criterion of repeated measurements followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The treatment with 1100F-0.25% β-CaGPn, promoted an increase in %SHR. In addition, the ability to reduce the body lesion (ΔIHR) was increased with 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn (p < 0.001). The addition of β-CaGPm and β-CaGPn to the fluoride toothpaste did not influence the concentration of F in the enamel (p > 0.001). The treatment with 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn promoted an increase in the concentration of Ca and P in the enamel (p < 0.001). It is concluded that the addition of 0.25%β-CaGPn to a conventional toothpaste promoted a greater protective effect in inhibiting in vitro enamel demineralization and a significantly higher remineralizing action in situ when compared to conventional toothpaste (1100 ppm F).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isomer micro and nano-sizeds of β calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) in different concentrations added to conventional toothpastes (1100 ppm F) on the in vitro enamel demineralization process and remineralization of initial caries lesions in situ. For Manuscript 1 in vitro demineralization, bovine blocks (n = 120) were selected for initial surface hardness (SHi) and divided into 10 groups of experimental toothpastes (n = 12): without fluoride/β-CaGPm/β-CaGPn (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with concentrations of 0.125%; 0.25%; 0.5% and 1.0% of β-CaGPm and β-CaGPn. The blocks were treated 2x/day with the toothpastes, being submitted to 5 pH cycles during 7 days. Then, the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN) and analysis of the profile and depth of the subsurface lesion by polarized light microscopy (MLP) were determined. Fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) concentration in the enamel were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA-1-criterion) followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn led to lower values of %SH, ΔKHN and MLP (p < 0.001). The enamel F concentration was similar for all fluoride groups (p > 0.001). With 1100F-0.5%β-CaGPm and 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn, the concentration of Ca in the enamel increased (p < 0.001). The highest concentration of P was observed for the group 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn (p < 0.001). Manuscript 2 of in situ remineralization was a double-blind, cross-over study, carried out in 4 experimental phases lasting 3 days each and washout of 7 days. Volunteers (n=12) used palatal devices, containing 4 blocks of bovine enamel with artificial caries lesion. The treatment regimens with toothpastes were: 1) without F/β-CaGPm/β-CaGPn (Placebo); 2) 1100 ppm F (1100F); 3) 1100F + 0.5%β-CaGPm (1100F-0.5%β-CaGPm) and 4) 1100F + 0.25%β-CaGPn (1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn). Volunteers were guided to brush their natural teeth with the palatal devices in the oral cavity, the blocks being treated with the toothpaste slurry for 1 minute (3x/day). After each phase the final surface hardness was determined for the calculation of the surface hardness recovery percentage (%SHR), recovery of the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR) and concentration of F, Ca and P in the enamel. The data were analyzed by ANOVA 1-criterion of repeated measurements followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The treatment with 1100F-0.25% β-CaGPn, promoted an increase in %SHR. In addition, the ability to reduce the body lesion (ΔIHR) was increased with 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn (p < 0.001). The addition of β-CaGPm and β-CaGPn to the fluoride toothpaste did not influence the concentration of F in the enamel (p > 0.001). The treatment with 1100F-0.25%β-CaGPn promoted an increase in the concentration of Ca and P in the enamel (p < 0.001). It is concluded that the addition of 0.25%β-CaGPn to a conventional toothpaste promoted a greater protective effect in inhibiting in vitro enamel demineralization and a significantly higher remineralizing action in situ when compared to conventional toothpaste (1100 ppm F).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esmalte dentário, Fluoreto, Fosfato, Desmineralização, Remineralização, Dental enamel, Fluoride, Phosphate, Demineralization, Remineralization