As interações entre jogadores de jogos virtuais em fóruns online: uma análise do léxico mesclado de inglês-português
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Data
2020-11-13
Autores
Souza, Guilherme Lucas de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, observamos a popularização de jogos eletrônicos, fomentando o surgimento e crescimento de comunidades virtuais que se utilizam de empréstimos e adaptações entre a linguagem do jogo e a língua materna de seus jogadores. Dessa forma, em nosso trabalho, tencionamos apresentar como o uso dos MMORPG (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game. ou jogo online de interpretação em massa para múltiplos jogadores, possui características linguísticas que lhe são próprias no que tange a seus ambientes de comunicação bilíngue. Para exemplificar esses ambientes comunicativos, realizamos a coleta e a compilação de um corpus que contém interações entre jogadores de League of Legends® em um fórum online no Brasil. Nesse sentido, selecionamos postagens disponibilizadas pela produtora do jogo eletrônico no website forum.br.leagueoflegends.com, coletadas entre novembro de 2018 e março de 2019. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existe uma frequência de uso de certas palavras, as quais promovem alternâncias e misturas de inglês e português, conhecidas como code-mixing. Tratam-se de palavras de origem estrangeira que são inseridas em orações normalmente produzidas em língua materna (L1), sem que haja alteração morfológica ou gramatical, como, por exemplo, em nosso corpus, as palavras jungle, lane e farm (POPLACK, 1980, 1982; POPLACK; SANKOFF, 2004; APPEL; MUYSKEN, 2005; MUYSKEN, 2001; GARDNER-CHLOROS, 2009), bem como de empréstimos linguísticos adaptados, ou seja, palavras que sofrem interferências e alterações morfológicas e semânticas, como wardar e farmar (PFAFF, 1979; HOFFER, 2002; POPLACK, 1982). Dentro do corpus coletado, existe o uso recorrente do primeiro fenômeno, com 863 palavras em comparação ao segundo, com 409 palavras, demonstrando, assim, que o uso de vocábulos que são provenientes da língua inglesa e configuram code-mixing é maior. Outro aspecto observado como resultado da pesquisa reflete-se nos agrupamentos lexicais, ou seja, nas combinações de palavras que são recorrentes. Vemos que, entre os code-mixing, há uma adaptação no uso de artigos e preposições, como “a kill” e “a jungle”, enquanto, no que se refere aos empréstimos adaptados, as locuções verbais são presentes e recorrentes. Por fim, notamos que a linguagem observada nestes fóruns apresenta influência da língua portuguesa na produção de língua inglesa, de modo que as regras gramaticais do português levam o produtor a implementá-las nas palavras estrangeiras que são inseridas nos fóruns.
Nowadays we see the popularization of electronic games, leading to the growth of virtual communities which use loans and adaptations between the players’ mother tongue and the language of the game. Thus, our work aims to demonstrate how the usage of MMORPG (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) has features that are unique according to the bilingual communication environment. To exemplify such environments, we collected and compiled a corpus that contains interactions between Brazilian League of Legends® players in an online forum. In this sense, we selected posts provided by the game developer on the website forum.br.leagueoflegends.com, collected from November 2018 to March 2019. The results show that there is a usage frequency of certain words, which promote shifts and mixtures between Portuguese and English, known as code-mixing. They mean that words from a foreign language are inserted into statements normally produced in the mother tongue (L1) with no morphological or grammatical changes, for example, the words “jungle”, “lane” and “farm” in our corpus (POPLACK, 1980, 1982; POPLACK; SANKOFF, 2004; APPEL; MUYSKEN, 2005; MUYSKEN, 2001; GARDNER-CHLOROS, 2009) as well as adapted linguistic borrowing, namely, words that suffer morphological and semantic interference, for instance, “wardar” and “farmar” (PFAFF, 1979; HOFFER, 2002; POPLACK, 1982). The data show a recurrent usage of the first phenomenon, with 863 words, in comparison with the second one, with 409 words, which demonstrates that the use of English words is more frequent. Another aspect observed as a result concerns the lexical clusters, in other words, word combinations that are frequent. We see that among the code-mixing words there is an adaptation in the usage of articles and prepositions, such as “a kill” and “a jungle”, while among the adapted borrowing ones, the verbal phrases are present and recurrent. Finally, we noticed that the language observed in the forums shows the Portuguese language influences the use of English, in the sense that Portuguese grammar rules lead the producer to implement them into the foreign words that are inserted in the forum.
Nowadays we see the popularization of electronic games, leading to the growth of virtual communities which use loans and adaptations between the players’ mother tongue and the language of the game. Thus, our work aims to demonstrate how the usage of MMORPG (Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) has features that are unique according to the bilingual communication environment. To exemplify such environments, we collected and compiled a corpus that contains interactions between Brazilian League of Legends® players in an online forum. In this sense, we selected posts provided by the game developer on the website forum.br.leagueoflegends.com, collected from November 2018 to March 2019. The results show that there is a usage frequency of certain words, which promote shifts and mixtures between Portuguese and English, known as code-mixing. They mean that words from a foreign language are inserted into statements normally produced in the mother tongue (L1) with no morphological or grammatical changes, for example, the words “jungle”, “lane” and “farm” in our corpus (POPLACK, 1980, 1982; POPLACK; SANKOFF, 2004; APPEL; MUYSKEN, 2005; MUYSKEN, 2001; GARDNER-CHLOROS, 2009) as well as adapted linguistic borrowing, namely, words that suffer morphological and semantic interference, for instance, “wardar” and “farmar” (PFAFF, 1979; HOFFER, 2002; POPLACK, 1982). The data show a recurrent usage of the first phenomenon, with 863 words, in comparison with the second one, with 409 words, which demonstrates that the use of English words is more frequent. Another aspect observed as a result concerns the lexical clusters, in other words, word combinations that are frequent. We see that among the code-mixing words there is an adaptation in the usage of articles and prepositions, such as “a kill” and “a jungle”, while among the adapted borrowing ones, the verbal phrases are present and recurrent. Finally, we noticed that the language observed in the forums shows the Portuguese language influences the use of English, in the sense that Portuguese grammar rules lead the producer to implement them into the foreign words that are inserted in the forum.
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Palavras-chave
Língua inglesa, Linguística de corpus, Code-mixing, Empréstimos linguísticos, English., Corpus linguistics, Borrowing