Ultrassonografia modo b e doppler na avaliação gestacional de cabras
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Data
2020-11-19
Autores
Silva, Priscila Del Aguila da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler na avaliação gestacional em cabras, descrevendo as características de tecidos materno-fetais e determinando equações preditivas de idade gestacional, além de avaliar as características dopplerfluxometricas das artérias umbilical e uterina. De forma adicional, foram correlacionadas as alterações na impedância do muco vaginal, temperatura vulvar e medidas ecobiométricas com o momento do parto. Foram utilizadas 25 cabras das raças Saanen multíparas, com peso entre 30 e 60 kg e idades entre dois e cinco anos, hígidas e sem histórico de doenças reprodutivas. Os animais foram submetidos a protocolo de sincronização de estro e monta natural. As avaliações foram realizadas semanalmente do dia 21 de gestação até a parturição. O teste de Shapiro foi utilizado para determinar a normalidade dos dados e o teste de Spearman para determinar correlações de medidas reais ou transformadas à medida que a gestação avançou. Se houve uma diferença significativa detectada, ajustes variáveis e semanas gestacionais foram testados usando modelos de regressão. Também foram realizados teste de correlação entre o numero de fetos e as variáveis estudadas e de comparação pela análise de variância e pós-teste de Tukey. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Os diâmetros abdominal, torácico, biparietal; os comprimentos cefalococcígeo, nuca ao focinho, úmero, rádio-ulna, metacarpo, fêmur, tíbia, metatarso, placentomas, órbita ocular, rins; e área do coração foram mensurados; além do índice de resistividade (IR) e pulsatilidade (IP) das artérias uterina e umbilical. A frequência cardíaca foi obtida utilizando o modo Doppler pulsado. Os maiores coeficientes de determinação (R²) foram obtidos para o comprimento do úmero (UMC; 96,2%), área do coração (ACOR; 95,6%) e distância da nuca ao focinho (DNF; 95,3%). Apenas placentomas e frequência cardíaca fetal apresentaram baixos coeficientes de determinação (R²=54,3 e R²=45,0). O fluxo da artéria uterina não variou ao longo das avaliações enquanto a umbilical apresentou baixa correlação com a idade gestacional (R² 33,7%). A frequência cardíaca se correlaciona negativamente com as horas antes do parto (p<0,001; r-Pearson= -0,451), assim como a temperatura vaginal (p= 0,001; r-Pearson= -0,275), enquanto a espessura da cérvix se correlacionou positivamente (p<0,001; r-Pearson= 0,490); a impedância do muco vaginal, não variou ao longo das avaliações e não se correlacionou com o momento do parto. As avaliações biométricas indicaram correlações significativas entre as medidas das estruturas materno-fetais e a idade gestacional, que podem ser usadas como valores de referência e detecção de anormalidades no desenvolvimento e o monitoramento da frequência cardíaca, temperatura vaginal e mensuração da espessura cervical na última semana gestacional fornecem informações adequadas acerca da proximidade do momento do parto.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of B- mode and Doppler ultrasonography in gestational evaluation in goats, describing the characteristics of maternal-fetal tissues and determining predictive equations for gestational age, besides evaluating dopplerfluxometric characteristics of the umbilical and uterine arteries. In addition, changes in vaginal mucus impedance, vulvar temperature and ecobiometric measurements were correlated with the time of delivery. 25 multiparous Saanen goats were used, weighing between 30 and 60 kg and aged between two and five years, healthy and with no history of reproductive diseases. The animals were submitted to a protocol of estrus synchronization and natural breeding. The evaluations were carried out weekly from the 21st day of gestation until parturition. The Shapiro test was used to determine the normality of the data and the Spearman test to determine correlations of real or transformed measurements as the pregnancy progressed. If there was a significant difference detected, variable adjustments and gestational weeks were tested using regression models. Correlation tests were also carried out between the number of fetuses and the variables studied and for comparison by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. The abdominal, thoracic, biparietal diameters; cephalococcygeal lengths, neck to snout, humerus, radius-ulna, metacarpal, femur, tibia, metatarsus, placentomas, eye socket, kidneys; and heart area were measured; in addition to the resistivity (IR) and pulsatility (IP) index of the uterine and umbilical arteries. Heart rate was obtained using the pulsed Doppler mode. The highest coefficients of determination (R²) were obtained for the length of the humerus (UMC; 96.2%), heart area (ACOR; 95.6%) and distance from the neck to the muzzle (DNF; 95.3%). Only placentomas and fetal heart rate showed low determination coefficients (R² = 54.3 and R² = 45.0). The flow of the uterine artery did not vary during the evaluations while the umbilical presented a low correlation with gestational age (R² 33.7%). Heart rate is negatively correlated with the hours before parturition (p <0.001; r-Pearson = -0.451), as well as vaginal temperature (p = 0.001; r-Pearson = -0.275), while the thickness of the cervix was correlated positively (p <0.001; r-Pearson = 0.490); the impedance of the vaginal mucus, did not vary during the evaluations and did not correlate with the moment of delivery. Biometric evaluations indicated significant correlations between the measures of the maternal-fetal structures and the gestational age, which be used as reference values and detecting abnormalities in development and monitoring heart rate, vaginal temperature and measuring cervical thickness in the last gestational week provide adequate information about the moment of delivery.
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of B- mode and Doppler ultrasonography in gestational evaluation in goats, describing the characteristics of maternal-fetal tissues and determining predictive equations for gestational age, besides evaluating dopplerfluxometric characteristics of the umbilical and uterine arteries. In addition, changes in vaginal mucus impedance, vulvar temperature and ecobiometric measurements were correlated with the time of delivery. 25 multiparous Saanen goats were used, weighing between 30 and 60 kg and aged between two and five years, healthy and with no history of reproductive diseases. The animals were submitted to a protocol of estrus synchronization and natural breeding. The evaluations were carried out weekly from the 21st day of gestation until parturition. The Shapiro test was used to determine the normality of the data and the Spearman test to determine correlations of real or transformed measurements as the pregnancy progressed. If there was a significant difference detected, variable adjustments and gestational weeks were tested using regression models. Correlation tests were also carried out between the number of fetuses and the variables studied and for comparison by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-test. The level of significance was set at 5%. The abdominal, thoracic, biparietal diameters; cephalococcygeal lengths, neck to snout, humerus, radius-ulna, metacarpal, femur, tibia, metatarsus, placentomas, eye socket, kidneys; and heart area were measured; in addition to the resistivity (IR) and pulsatility (IP) index of the uterine and umbilical arteries. Heart rate was obtained using the pulsed Doppler mode. The highest coefficients of determination (R²) were obtained for the length of the humerus (UMC; 96.2%), heart area (ACOR; 95.6%) and distance from the neck to the muzzle (DNF; 95.3%). Only placentomas and fetal heart rate showed low determination coefficients (R² = 54.3 and R² = 45.0). The flow of the uterine artery did not vary during the evaluations while the umbilical presented a low correlation with gestational age (R² 33.7%). Heart rate is negatively correlated with the hours before parturition (p <0.001; r-Pearson = -0.451), as well as vaginal temperature (p = 0.001; r-Pearson = -0.275), while the thickness of the cervix was correlated positively (p <0.001; r-Pearson = 0.490); the impedance of the vaginal mucus, did not vary during the evaluations and did not correlate with the moment of delivery. Biometric evaluations indicated significant correlations between the measures of the maternal-fetal structures and the gestational age, which be used as reference values and detecting abnormalities in development and monitoring heart rate, vaginal temperature and measuring cervical thickness in the last gestational week provide adequate information about the moment of delivery.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Desenvolvimento fetal, Ecobiometria, Idade gestacional, Predição de parto, Saanen