O Brasil e o desenvolvimento sustentável: Estado e recursos naturais (1992 - 2012)
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Data
2020-12-15
Autores
Peguim, Cássia Natanie [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender como o Estado nacional brasileiro fez uso da água, biomassa agroenergética de cana de açúcar e petróleo na geração de energia elétrica em um contexto de institucionalização da demanda internacional por políticas promotoras de desenvolvimento sustentável. Realizei uma prospecção de temas e problemas presentes no ingresso do desenvolvimento sustentável no campo institucional brasileiro refletindo sobre: a demanda nacional de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento na Agenda 21 Brasileira (2002), a reforma do Estado, a subsequente crise do apagão durante o segundo governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999 - 2003) e o retorno das empresas públicas estatais no planejamento do setor elétrico durante o primeiro governo Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 - 2007). Também observei como o uso dos três recursos naturais citados foi proposto no Plano Nacional de Energia - PNE 2030 e no Plano Nacional de Recursos Hídricos – PNRH (2007). O conceito sustentabilidade foi problematizado como imperativo socioeconômico com capacidade de levantar questionamentos sobre a temporalidade das relações entre ser humano e mundo natural. Observo a posição assimétrica que o Brasil ocupava internacionalmente junto às economias em desenvolvimento nas negociações sobre meio ambiente no âmbito nas Nações Unidas. O lugar da sustentabilidade como uma politic, ou seja, como uma política de intenção, estaria nas policies, políticas de execução, de ampliação da participação da ciência e da tecnologia nas relações multilaterais de cooperação. Concluí que as politics foram direcionadas a uma integração do Brasil ao espaço sul-americano e ao fortalecimento das relações Sul-Sul, mas as policies de transferência de tecnologias e financiamento de programas de geração de energia com baixa geração de Gases de Efeito Estufa – GEE ficaram restritas a integração do setor energético nacional. Observando a reordenação do território nas politics para o uso da biomassa agroenergética de cana de açúcar e do petróleo, encontrei dissensos e consensos sobre o planejamento de médio e longo prazo para o uso da água na geração de hidroeletricidade. O uso da água, da biomassa agroenergética de cana de açúcar e do petróleo incorporaram o vocabulário e o modus operandi da política ambiental internacional e do mercado de bens ambientais, mas permaneceram atreladas ao ideal de desenvolvimento da nação brasileira, da segurança energética e da soberania sobre seus recursos naturais.
The research aimed to understand how the Brazilian national state made use of water, agroenergetic biomass from sugar cane and oil to generate electricity in a context of institutionalizing the international demand for policies that promote sustainable development. I conducted a survey of themes and problems present in the entry of sustainable development in the Brazilian institutional field reflecting on: the national demand for public development policies in the Brazilian Agenda 21 (2002), the reform of the State, the subsequent blackout crisis during the second government Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999 - 2003) and the return of state-owned companies in the planning of the electricity sector during the first Luís Inácio Lula da Silva government (2003 - 2007). I also observed how the use of the three natural resources mentioned was proposed in the National Energy Plan - PNE 2030 and in the National Water Resources Plan - PNRH (2007). The sustainability concept was problematized as a socioeconomic imperative with the capacity to raise questions about the temporality of the relationships between human beings and the natural world. I observe the asymmetrical position that Brazil occupied internationally with developing economies in negotiations on the environment within the United Nations. The place of sustainability as a politic, that is, as a policy of intention, would be in the policies, policies of execution, of expanding the participation of science and technology in multilateral cooperation relations. I concluded that the policies were directed towards the integration of Brazil into the South American space and the strengthening of South-South relations, but the policies of technology transfer and financing of energy generation programs with low generation of Greenhouse Gases - GHG the integration of the national energy sector was restricted. Observing the reorganization of the territory in politics for the use of agroenergetic biomass from sugar cane and oil, I found disagreements and consensus on medium and long term planning for the use of water in the generation of hydroelectricity. The use of water, sugarcane agroenergetic biomass and oil incorporated the vocabulary and modus operandi of international environmental policy and the market for environmental goods, but remained linked to the ideal of development of the Brazilian nation, energy security and sovereignty about their natural resources
The research aimed to understand how the Brazilian national state made use of water, agroenergetic biomass from sugar cane and oil to generate electricity in a context of institutionalizing the international demand for policies that promote sustainable development. I conducted a survey of themes and problems present in the entry of sustainable development in the Brazilian institutional field reflecting on: the national demand for public development policies in the Brazilian Agenda 21 (2002), the reform of the State, the subsequent blackout crisis during the second government Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1999 - 2003) and the return of state-owned companies in the planning of the electricity sector during the first Luís Inácio Lula da Silva government (2003 - 2007). I also observed how the use of the three natural resources mentioned was proposed in the National Energy Plan - PNE 2030 and in the National Water Resources Plan - PNRH (2007). The sustainability concept was problematized as a socioeconomic imperative with the capacity to raise questions about the temporality of the relationships between human beings and the natural world. I observe the asymmetrical position that Brazil occupied internationally with developing economies in negotiations on the environment within the United Nations. The place of sustainability as a politic, that is, as a policy of intention, would be in the policies, policies of execution, of expanding the participation of science and technology in multilateral cooperation relations. I concluded that the policies were directed towards the integration of Brazil into the South American space and the strengthening of South-South relations, but the policies of technology transfer and financing of energy generation programs with low generation of Greenhouse Gases - GHG the integration of the national energy sector was restricted. Observing the reorganization of the territory in politics for the use of agroenergetic biomass from sugar cane and oil, I found disagreements and consensus on medium and long term planning for the use of water in the generation of hydroelectricity. The use of water, sugarcane agroenergetic biomass and oil incorporated the vocabulary and modus operandi of international environmental policy and the market for environmental goods, but remained linked to the ideal of development of the Brazilian nation, energy security and sovereignty about their natural resources
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História Ambiental, Recursos naturais, Energia elétrica, Desenvolvimento sustentável, Brasil