Brasil, o País das Maravilhas Tropical: guias para emigrantes, propaganda e atração de trabalhadores livres europeus no último quartel do Oitocentos (1875-1897).
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2020-12-11
Autores
Souza, Victor Gustavo de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Durante o século XIX, em especial a partir de seu último quartel, o mundo presenciou o deslocamento de milhões de pessoas partindo do Velho Mundo rumo às terras da América, dentre as quais o Brasil se configurou como um dos principais locais-destino escolhido pelos europeus na chamada Grande Imigração. Profundas foram as transformações que a sociedade brasileira passou no Oitocentos: as progressivas leis abolicionistas, a transformação da terra em propriedade, a queda da Monarquia, a ascensão da República e, certamente, a transição da mão de obra escrava para a mão de obra livre. Se, por um lado, o Brasil recebeu uma parcela significativa desses corpos em movimento, por outro, precisou aplicar altas somas de dinheiro em pecúlios aos migrantes, estabelecer parcerias com associações privadas e elaborar propagandas para divulgar as benesses do território. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar uma categoria dessas propagandas: os guias para emigrantes, aparatos da política imigratória brasileira que se encontram espalhados pelo século XIX. Publicados em diferentes línguas, sobre variadas regiões e com objetivos distintos, os guias para emigrantes se tornam nossa fonte-objeto e balizador temporal deste trabalho. A análise desses impressos, ainda pouco explorados pela historiografia, demonstra uma série de evidências sobre os divergentes caminhos tomados pelo Governo Central e por certas províncias, posteriormente República e estados, cada um com seus planos específicos para o imigrante, uma vez estabelecido em terras tupiniquins.
During the nineteenth century, especially from its last quarter, the world witnessed the displacement of millions of people departing from the Old World towards the lands of America, among which Brazil was one of the main destinations chosen by Europeans. Profound were the transformations that Brazilian society underwent in the 19th century: progressive abolitionist laws, the transformation of land into property, the fall of the Monarchy, the rise of the Republic, and, certainly, the transition from slave labor to free labor. If on one hand, Brazil received a significant portion of these moving bodies, on the other, it had to invest large sums of money in favors to migrants, settle partnerships with associations and develop propaganda in order to publicize the benefits of the territory. The present dissertation aims to analyze a category of these propagandas: the guides for emigrants, apparatuses of Brazilian immigration policy that are located throughout the 19th century. Published in different languages, about different regions, and with different purposes, the guides for emigrants become our source-object and time reference for this work. The analysis of these forms, still little explored by historiography, demonstrates a series of shreds of evidence about the divergent paths taken by the Central Government and by provinces, later Republic and states, each with its specific plans for the immigrant, once established in Tupiniquins lands.
During the nineteenth century, especially from its last quarter, the world witnessed the displacement of millions of people departing from the Old World towards the lands of America, among which Brazil was one of the main destinations chosen by Europeans. Profound were the transformations that Brazilian society underwent in the 19th century: progressive abolitionist laws, the transformation of land into property, the fall of the Monarchy, the rise of the Republic, and, certainly, the transition from slave labor to free labor. If on one hand, Brazil received a significant portion of these moving bodies, on the other, it had to invest large sums of money in favors to migrants, settle partnerships with associations and develop propaganda in order to publicize the benefits of the territory. The present dissertation aims to analyze a category of these propagandas: the guides for emigrants, apparatuses of Brazilian immigration policy that are located throughout the 19th century. Published in different languages, about different regions, and with different purposes, the guides for emigrants become our source-object and time reference for this work. The analysis of these forms, still little explored by historiography, demonstrates a series of shreds of evidence about the divergent paths taken by the Central Government and by provinces, later Republic and states, each with its specific plans for the immigrant, once established in Tupiniquins lands.
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Guias para Emigrantes, Propaganda Imigratória, Políticas de Atração, Grande Imigração, Império Brasileiro, Guides for Emigrants, Immigration Propaganda, Allurement Policies, Great Immigration, Brazilian Empire