Massa corporal, estabilidade postural e risco de quedas em mulheres na pós menopausa
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Data
2020-03-27
Autores
Bueno, Daniela Gomes Martins
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O envelhecimento avança em grande escala em todo o mundo ocasionando uma visível inversão da pirâmide etária e, consequentemente, fazendo com que as formas de enfrentamento desse fenômeno sejam de extrema relevância. Modificações fisiológicas acontecem com o passar da idade e afetam as estruturas corporais, a capacidade de adaptação dos indivíduos ao meio ambiente, além de afetar a capacidade de manter o equilíbrio homeostático e de manter sua autonomia funcional para realizar suas atividades de vida diária. Na população feminina esse processo se torna mais enfático e preocupante, uma vez que a menopausa apresenta implicações diretas na composição corporal, na estabilidade postural e no risco de quedas dessa população. Diante do exposto, a presente tese, organizada em formato de artigos, se propôs analisar, por meio de instrumentos laboratoriais de alta precisão, a influência direta de variáveis da composição corporal na estabilidade postural e no risco de quedas de mulheres na pós menopausa. No primeiro artigo foi feita a correlação do índice de massa corporal sobre a estabilidade postural e risco de quedas da amostra que foi dividida em grupo sobrepeso e grupo peso normal. O grupo sobrepeso apresentou menor estabilidade postural e maior risco de quedas quando comparado ao grupo de peso normal. Constatou-se uma correlação moderada, sendo que quanto maior o IMC, maior o escore para risco de quedas e instabilidade postural. Os dados do presente estudo, realizados nas condições experimentais determinadas, permitiram concluir que o sobrepeso predispõe mulheres pós-menopausa a maior risco de quedas. No segundo artigo objetivou-se avaliar a relação entre as variáveis da composição corporal e a estabilidade postural e o risco de quedas das mulheres. Avaliada a estabilidade postural, as variáveis da composição corporal explicaram 22% das oscilações anteroposteriores no nível 4 e 10% das oscilações médio-laterais. No nível 8, as variáveis explicaram 32% das oscilações anteroposteriores e 27% das médio-laterais. Relativo ao risco de quedas, detectou-se que as variáveis explicaram 26% desse risco para o nível 6-2 e 34% para o nível 8-4. Concluiu-se, portanto, que as variáveis da composição corporal estudadas influenciaram na estabilidade postural e no risco de quedas de mulheres na pós-menopausa em todos os modelos de regressão múltipla, direções (anteroposterior/médio-lateral) e níveis de instabilidade. A estabilidade anteroposterior foi mais afetada pelas variáveis da composição corporal em relação a médio-lateral, independentemente do nível de instabilidade do instrumento.
Aging is advancing on a large scale around the world, causing a visible inversion of the age pyramid and, consequently, making the ways of coping with this phenomenon extremely important. Physiological changes happen with age and affect body structures, the ability of individuals to adapt to the environment, in addition to affecting the ability to maintain homeostatic balance and maintain their functional autonomy to carry out their activities of daily living. In the female population, this process becomes more emphatic and worrying, since menopause has direct implications for body composition, postural stability and the risk of falls for this population. In view of the above, the present thesis, organized by articles, proposed to analyze, using high precision laboratory instruments, the direct influence of body composition variables on postural stability and the risk of falls in postmenopausal women. In the first article, the body mass index was correlated with postural stability and risk of falls in the sample, which was divided into an overweight group and a normal weight group. The overweight group had less postural stability and a higher risk of falls when compared to the normal weight group. There was a moderate correlation, and the higher the BMI, the higher the score for risk of falls and postural instability. The data from the present study, carried out under the determined experimental conditions, allowed us to conclude that overweight predisposes postmenopausal women to a higher risk of falls. In the second article, the objective was to evaluate the relationship between the variables of body composition and postural stability and the risk of falls for women. After assessing postural stability, body composition variables explained 22% of anteroposterior oscillations at level 4 and 10% of mid-lateral oscillations. At level 8, the variables explained 32% of the anteroposterior oscillations and 27% of the mid-lateral ones. Regarding the risk of falls, it was found that the variables explained 26% of this risk for level 6-2 and 34% for level 8-4. It was concluded, therefore, that the studied body composition variables influenced the postural stability and the risk of falls in postmenopausal women in all models of multiple regression, directions (anteroposterior / mid-lateral) and levels of instability. Anteroposterior stability was more affected by the variables of body composition in relation to mid-lateral, regardless of the level of instability of the instrument.
Aging is advancing on a large scale around the world, causing a visible inversion of the age pyramid and, consequently, making the ways of coping with this phenomenon extremely important. Physiological changes happen with age and affect body structures, the ability of individuals to adapt to the environment, in addition to affecting the ability to maintain homeostatic balance and maintain their functional autonomy to carry out their activities of daily living. In the female population, this process becomes more emphatic and worrying, since menopause has direct implications for body composition, postural stability and the risk of falls for this population. In view of the above, the present thesis, organized by articles, proposed to analyze, using high precision laboratory instruments, the direct influence of body composition variables on postural stability and the risk of falls in postmenopausal women. In the first article, the body mass index was correlated with postural stability and risk of falls in the sample, which was divided into an overweight group and a normal weight group. The overweight group had less postural stability and a higher risk of falls when compared to the normal weight group. There was a moderate correlation, and the higher the BMI, the higher the score for risk of falls and postural instability. The data from the present study, carried out under the determined experimental conditions, allowed us to conclude that overweight predisposes postmenopausal women to a higher risk of falls. In the second article, the objective was to evaluate the relationship between the variables of body composition and postural stability and the risk of falls for women. After assessing postural stability, body composition variables explained 22% of anteroposterior oscillations at level 4 and 10% of mid-lateral oscillations. At level 8, the variables explained 32% of the anteroposterior oscillations and 27% of the mid-lateral ones. Regarding the risk of falls, it was found that the variables explained 26% of this risk for level 6-2 and 34% for level 8-4. It was concluded, therefore, that the studied body composition variables influenced the postural stability and the risk of falls in postmenopausal women in all models of multiple regression, directions (anteroposterior / mid-lateral) and levels of instability. Anteroposterior stability was more affected by the variables of body composition in relation to mid-lateral, regardless of the level of instability of the instrument.
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Palavras-chave
Equilíbrio, Idosas, Capacidade funcional, Controle postural, Balance, Elderly, Postural control, Functional capacity