Biomonitoramento de elementos traço utilizando fígados de Larus dominicaus, Pontoporia blainvillei e Sotalia guianensis amostrados na costa dos estados de Santa Catarina e São Paulo.
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Data
2020-11-06
Autores
Pedrobom, Jorge Henrique [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho analisou as concentrações de elementos traço essenciais (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo e Cr) e não essenciais (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ba e V) em tecido hepático de Larus dominicanus, Pontoporia blainvillei e Sotalia guianensis. Indivíduos localizados mortos foram coletados durante monitoramento diário realizado por Programa de Monitoramento de Praias (PMP) da Petrobrás. Os indivíduos de L. dominicanus foram coletados ao longo da costa do estado de Santa Catarina, enquanto P. blainvellei e S. guianensis foram coletados na região costeira de São Paulo.Testes Kruskal-Wallis e Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) foram empregados para avaliar possíveis relações entre fatores como sexo (machos/fêmeas), estágio de desenvolvimento (jovens/adultos), tamanho dos indivíduos e local de coleta; e as concentrações de elementos traço determinada nos fígados das três espécies. Mapas de Intensidade Estimada de Kernel foram capazes de identificar maiores concentrações de dos elementos traço avaliados em indivíduos da região metropolitana de Florianópolis e de regiões portuárias nas partes norte e sul da costa de Santa Catarina. Os resultados da PCA sugerem que indivíduos machos de L. dominicanus estão mais associados ao Cr, V, Pb, Mo e Cd enquanto fêmeas estão mais associadas ao Hg, Mn, Cu, As e Zn. Concentrações significativamente maiores de Cr foram identificados em indivíduos de L. dominicanus adultos de ambos os sexos, de Cu em machos juvenis e de Cd em machos adultos. A também PCA identificou características distintas na acumulação de elementos traço por P. blainvillei e S. guianensis possivelmente relacionadas os hábitos alimentares destas espécies. Testes de correlação mostraram correlações entre o tamanho e as concentrações de elementos traço, positivas para Cd e Pb e negativas para Mn, Zn e Cu em S. guianensis. O presente foi capaz de demonstrar capacidade de utilização de animais coletados mortos nas praias como técnica de biomonitoramente em regiões costeiras. O desenvolvimento de novos estudos utilizando L. dominicanus, P. blainvillei e S. guianensis podem contribuir para o estabelecimento destas espécies como biomonitores além de contribuir para a formulação de níveis de base de contaminação em áreas costeiras.
The presente work analyzed the concentrations of essentials (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo and Cr) and non-essentials (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ba and V) trace elements in hepatic tissues of Larus dominicanus, Pontoporia blainvillei and Sotalia guianensis. Dead individuals were sampled during the dayly monitorement realized by the Programa de Monitoramento de Praias (PMP) of Petrobrás. The individuals of L. dominicanus were sampled along the coast of Santa Catarina state, while P. blainvellei and S. guianensis were samplet at the coast area of São Paulo. Kruskal-Wallis tests and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were employed to evaluate possible relations between factors such as sex (male/female), development stage (young/juvenile), size of the individuals and sampling site; and the concentrations of trace elements determined in the livers of the three species. Estimated Density Maps of Kernel were able to identify higher concentration of evaluated trace elements in individuals of the metropolitan area of Florianópolis and port areas at the north and south of the coast of Santa Catarina. The PCA results suggest that male individuals of L. dominicanus are associated to Cr, V, Pb, Mo and Cd, while female are associated more to Hg, Mn, Cu, As and Zn. Signinficantly higher concentrations of Cr were identified in L. dominicanus individuals of both sexes, of Cu in juvenile males and of Cd in adult males. PCA also identified distinct caracteristics about the accumulation of trace elements by P. blainvillei and S. guianensis, possibly related to the feeding habits of these species. Correlation testes showed that the correlation between the size and the concentrations of trace metals were positive for Cd and Pb and negative for Mn, Zn and Cu in S. guianensis. The presente work demonstrated the capacity of using dead animals sampled in beach areas as biomonitoring technique in coast areas. The development of new studies using L. dominicanus, P. blainvillei and S. guianensis can contribute to the establishment of these species as biomonitors as weçç as contribute to the formulation of base levels of contamination in coastal areas.
The presente work analyzed the concentrations of essentials (Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo and Cr) and non-essentials (As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Ba and V) trace elements in hepatic tissues of Larus dominicanus, Pontoporia blainvillei and Sotalia guianensis. Dead individuals were sampled during the dayly monitorement realized by the Programa de Monitoramento de Praias (PMP) of Petrobrás. The individuals of L. dominicanus were sampled along the coast of Santa Catarina state, while P. blainvellei and S. guianensis were samplet at the coast area of São Paulo. Kruskal-Wallis tests and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) were employed to evaluate possible relations between factors such as sex (male/female), development stage (young/juvenile), size of the individuals and sampling site; and the concentrations of trace elements determined in the livers of the three species. Estimated Density Maps of Kernel were able to identify higher concentration of evaluated trace elements in individuals of the metropolitan area of Florianópolis and port areas at the north and south of the coast of Santa Catarina. The PCA results suggest that male individuals of L. dominicanus are associated to Cr, V, Pb, Mo and Cd, while female are associated more to Hg, Mn, Cu, As and Zn. Signinficantly higher concentrations of Cr were identified in L. dominicanus individuals of both sexes, of Cu in juvenile males and of Cd in adult males. PCA also identified distinct caracteristics about the accumulation of trace elements by P. blainvillei and S. guianensis, possibly related to the feeding habits of these species. Correlation testes showed that the correlation between the size and the concentrations of trace metals were positive for Cd and Pb and negative for Mn, Zn and Cu in S. guianensis. The presente work demonstrated the capacity of using dead animals sampled in beach areas as biomonitoring technique in coast areas. The development of new studies using L. dominicanus, P. blainvillei and S. guianensis can contribute to the establishment of these species as biomonitors as weçç as contribute to the formulation of base levels of contamination in coastal areas.
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Palavras-chave
Biomonitoramento, Elementos traços, Fígado, L. dominicanus, P. blainvillei, S. guianensis, Biomonitoring, Trace elements, Liver