The sugarcane developing as a function of microorganism adoption to potentialize the production
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Data
2021-01-29
Autores
Scudeletti, Daniele [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de microrganismos tem contribuído para a maior otimização das áreas agricultáveis por meio do aumento da produtividade, pois podem contribuir para alguns mecanismos relacionados ao crescimento das plantas, fixação biológica de nitrogênio e atenuação do estresse hídrico. Assim, os objetivos foram divididos em dois estudos (Capítulos 1 e 2). No Capítulo 1, o estudo visou avaliar a eficácia de doses e os modos de inoculação do Azospirillum brasilense, sobre os parâmetros biométricos, fisiológicos e tecnológicos, bem como as melhorias na absorção de nutrientes e na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. O estudo foi realizado em área experimental pertencente à Usina Raízen, localizada no município de Santa Maria da Serra - SP, em duas safras (2015/2016 e 2016/2017), nos quais foram avaliados as doses do inoculante contendo Azospirillum brasilense e o modo de inoculação. Em geral, a aplicação da dose de 15 e 20 × 1010 UFC ha-1 do inoculante Azospirillum brasilense, estimulou principalmente as características biométricas, refletiu na maior produtividade de colmos, açúcar e retorno econômico. Quanto ao modo de inoculação, é necessária uma investigação mais aprofundada do impacto das condições meteorológicas na vida de prateleira microbiana e na eficiência do uso do inoculante garantindo tempo e o método de aplicação mais apropriados para minimizar condições potencialmente adversas. No Capítulo 2, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a inoculação de Trichoderma asperellum na ausência ou presença de estresse hídrico nos parâmetros biométricos, fisiológicos, bioquímicos e enzimáticos, e na caracterização físico-química dos açúcares foliares e as possíveis melhorias no condicionamento da cana-de-açúcar em situações de estresse hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA-UNESP) e foi avaliada a resposta das plantas inoculadas com Trichoderma asperellum sob condições de estresse hídrico na cana-de-açúcar. O uso deste microrganismo proporcionou melhores resultados, contribuindo significativamente para o condicionamento de plantas sob estresse hídrico e melhorando os parâmetros biométricos, fisiológicos, bioquímicos, enzimáticos, bem como a caracterização físico-química dos açúcares foliares. Em resumo, ambos os experimentos encontraram benefícios advindos dos microrganismos: o Azospirillum estimula o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar, refletindo no aumento da produtividade e maior retorno econômico da produção de cana-de-açúcar; e Trichoderma melhorou os parâmetros fisiológicos, a ativação da enzima nitrato redutase e o metabolismo antioxidante, proporcionando melhor crescimento, desenvolvimento, perfilhamento e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, principalmente em condições de estresse hídrico.
The use of microorganisms has contributed to the greater optimization of agricultural areas by increasing productivity, as they may contribute to some mechanisms related to plant growth, biological nitrogen fixation and attenuation of water stress. Thus, the objectives were divided into two studies (Chapters 1 and 2). In Chapter 1, the study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of doses and inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense, on biometric, physiological and technological parameters, as well as improvements in the absorption of nutrients and productivity of sugarcane. The study was carried out in an experimental area belonging to Raízen Mill, located in the municipality of Santa Maria da Serra - SP, in two crop seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017), in which the doses of the inoculant containing Azospirillum brasilense and the method of inoculation were evaluated. In general, the application of the dose of 15 and 20 × 1010 UFC ha-1 of the inoculant Azospirillum brasilense, mainly stimulated the biometric characteristics, reflected in the higher productivity of stalks, sugar and economic return. As for the mode of inoculation, further investigation of the impact of weather conditions on microbial shelf life and on the efficiency of the use of the inoculant is necessary, guaranteeing the most appropriate time and method of application to minimize potentially adverse conditions. In Chapter 2, the objective of the study was to evaluate the inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum in the absence or presence of drought stress in the biometric, physiological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters, and in the physico-chemical characterization of leaf sugars and the possible improvements in sugarcane conditioning. sugar in situations of drought stress. The experiment conducted in a greenhouse at College of Agricultural Science (FCA-UNESP) and the response of plants by association with Trichoderma asperellum under conditions of drought stress in sugarcane was evaluated. The use of this microorganism provided better results, contributing significantly to the conditioning of plants under drought stress and improving the biometric, physiological, biochemical, enzymatic parameters, as well as the physicochemical characterization of leaf sugars. In summary, both experiments found benefits from microorganisms: Azospirillum stimulates the growth and development of sugarcane, reflecting in increased productivity and greater economic return from sugarcane production; and Trichoderma improved the physiological parameters, the activation of the enzyme nitrate reductase and the antioxidant metabolism, providing better growth, development, tillering and the productivity of sugarcane, mainly under drought stress conditions.
The use of microorganisms has contributed to the greater optimization of agricultural areas by increasing productivity, as they may contribute to some mechanisms related to plant growth, biological nitrogen fixation and attenuation of water stress. Thus, the objectives were divided into two studies (Chapters 1 and 2). In Chapter 1, the study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of doses and inoculation modes of Azospirillum brasilense, on biometric, physiological and technological parameters, as well as improvements in the absorption of nutrients and productivity of sugarcane. The study was carried out in an experimental area belonging to Raízen Mill, located in the municipality of Santa Maria da Serra - SP, in two crop seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017), in which the doses of the inoculant containing Azospirillum brasilense and the method of inoculation were evaluated. In general, the application of the dose of 15 and 20 × 1010 UFC ha-1 of the inoculant Azospirillum brasilense, mainly stimulated the biometric characteristics, reflected in the higher productivity of stalks, sugar and economic return. As for the mode of inoculation, further investigation of the impact of weather conditions on microbial shelf life and on the efficiency of the use of the inoculant is necessary, guaranteeing the most appropriate time and method of application to minimize potentially adverse conditions. In Chapter 2, the objective of the study was to evaluate the inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum in the absence or presence of drought stress in the biometric, physiological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters, and in the physico-chemical characterization of leaf sugars and the possible improvements in sugarcane conditioning. sugar in situations of drought stress. The experiment conducted in a greenhouse at College of Agricultural Science (FCA-UNESP) and the response of plants by association with Trichoderma asperellum under conditions of drought stress in sugarcane was evaluated. The use of this microorganism provided better results, contributing significantly to the conditioning of plants under drought stress and improving the biometric, physiological, biochemical, enzymatic parameters, as well as the physicochemical characterization of leaf sugars. In summary, both experiments found benefits from microorganisms: Azospirillum stimulates the growth and development of sugarcane, reflecting in increased productivity and greater economic return from sugarcane production; and Trichoderma improved the physiological parameters, the activation of the enzyme nitrate reductase and the antioxidant metabolism, providing better growth, development, tillering and the productivity of sugarcane, mainly under drought stress conditions.
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Palavras-chave
Azospirillum brasilense, Trichoderma asperellum, Saccharum spp., Productivity, Cana-de-açúcar, Produtividade