Motivação para as escolhas alimentares das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids
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Data
2021-02-25
Autores
Silva, Juliana Medeiros
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids e que fazem uso da terapia antirretroviral apresentam mudanças no estilo e expectativa de vida que impactam diretamente no estado nutricional, antes o perfil era de desnutrição e caquexia e hoje obesidade acompanhada de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, entender o que motiva as escolhas alimentares desses indivíduos é fundamental para a tratamento nutricional. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as motivações para as escolhas alimentares das pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids e associá-las aos fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos dessa população. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, os participantes responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico e clínico seguido da escala The Eating Motivation Survey – TEMS. Foi feita análise descritiva com o cálculo de média e desvio padrão para variáveis quantitativas e frequências e percentuais para variáveis categorizadas, para avaliar a consistência da TEMS realizou-se cálculo do coeficiente de Cronbach, análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória para os dados obtidos. Para as variáveis com duas categorias, a comparação de médias foi feita utilizando o teste t-Student e para as variáveis com mais de duas categorias, foi utilizada ANOVA seguido do teste de comparação múltipla de Tukey. Em seguida foi feita a análise fatorial com os 15 fatores, seguida da análise fatorial confirmatória, avaliando os índices de qualidade de ajuste. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 60 indivíduos, a maioria dos entrevistados eram mulheres (35/58%), com média de idade de 50,4 anos (±12,9 anos), predominância da cor branca (45/75%), heterossexual (54/90%), não fumantes, não faziam uso de bebidas alcoólicas nem drogas ilícitas e não realizavam atividades físicas. Destaca-se que, 38 (63%) dos participantes apresentavam excesso de peso, sendo 20 (33%) com sobrepeso e 18 (30%) obesos. As dimensões da TEMS que mais pontuaram foram: Preferência, Necessidade e Fome, Hábitos e Saúde, com significância nas variáveis IMC com maiores médias para Normas sociais, Renda com maiores médias para Preço e Normas Sociais, Raça com Necessidade e Fome, Prazer, Preço e Controle de Emoções, variável atendimento nutricional com Saúde, atividade física com Normas Sociais, filhos com Preço, com quem mora com Hábitos, Necessidade e Fomes, Prazer e Preço e a variável tempo de diagnóstico apresentou diferença significativa com a dimensão Prazer. Conclusão: As motivações para as escolhas alimentares das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids são Preferência, Necessidade e Fome, Hábitos e Saúde e aquelas com menos importância são Socialização, Atração Visual, Controle de Emoções e Imagem Social o que mostra que questões relacionadas à saúde são o que motiva as escolhas alimentares dessa população. As limitações como amostra reduzida e dificuldade na coleta de dados mostram que, para um resultado mais significativo é preciso um estudo com uma amostra maior.
Introduction: People living with HIV/AIDS and who make use of antiretroviral therapy present changes in style and life expectancy that directly impact the nutritional status, before the profile was of malnutrition and cachexia and now obesity accompanied by chronic non-communicable diseases, understanding what motivates the food choices of these individuals is crucial for nutritional treatment. Purpose: This study aimed at assessing the motivations for food choices of people living with HIV/AIDS, and associating them to socio-demographic and clinical factors of this population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study participants answered the socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire followed by The Eating Motivation Survey - TEMS scale. Descriptive analysis was made with the calculation of mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and frequencies and percentages for categorized variables, to assess the consistency of TEMS was performed calculation of Cronbach coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory for the data obtained. For the variables with two categories, the comparison of means was made using the t-Student test and for the variables with more than two categories, ANOVA was used followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Then the factorial analysis with the 15 factors was done, followed by the confirmatory factorial analysis, evaluating the adjustment quality indexes. Results: 60 individuals participated in the study, most of the interviewees were women (35/58%), with a mean age of 50.4 years (±12.9 years), predominance of white (45/75%), heterosexual (54/90%), non-smokers, did not use alcoholic beverages or illicit drugs and did not perform physical activities. It is noteworthy that 38 (63%) of the participants were overweight, being 20 (33%) overweight and 18 (30%) obese. The dimensions of TEMS that scored most were: Preference, Necessity and Hunger, Habits and Health, with significance in the variables BMI with higher averages for Social Norms, Income with higher averages for Price and Social Norms, Breed with Necessity and Hunger, Pleasure, Price and Control of Emotions, variable nutritional care with Health, physical activity with Social Norms, children with Price, with those who live with Habits, Necessity and Hunger, Pleasure and Price and the variable time of diagnosis showed significant difference with the dimension Pleasure. Conclusion: The motivations for food choices by people living with HIV/AIDS are Preference, Need and Hunger, Habits and Health, and those with less importance are Socialization, Visual Attraction, Control of Emotions and Social Image, what shows that health-related issues are what motivate food choices by this population. Limitations such as reduced sample and difficulty in data collection show that, for a more significant result, a study with a larger sample is necessary.
Introduction: People living with HIV/AIDS and who make use of antiretroviral therapy present changes in style and life expectancy that directly impact the nutritional status, before the profile was of malnutrition and cachexia and now obesity accompanied by chronic non-communicable diseases, understanding what motivates the food choices of these individuals is crucial for nutritional treatment. Purpose: This study aimed at assessing the motivations for food choices of people living with HIV/AIDS, and associating them to socio-demographic and clinical factors of this population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study participants answered the socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire followed by The Eating Motivation Survey - TEMS scale. Descriptive analysis was made with the calculation of mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and frequencies and percentages for categorized variables, to assess the consistency of TEMS was performed calculation of Cronbach coefficient, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory for the data obtained. For the variables with two categories, the comparison of means was made using the t-Student test and for the variables with more than two categories, ANOVA was used followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Then the factorial analysis with the 15 factors was done, followed by the confirmatory factorial analysis, evaluating the adjustment quality indexes. Results: 60 individuals participated in the study, most of the interviewees were women (35/58%), with a mean age of 50.4 years (±12.9 years), predominance of white (45/75%), heterosexual (54/90%), non-smokers, did not use alcoholic beverages or illicit drugs and did not perform physical activities. It is noteworthy that 38 (63%) of the participants were overweight, being 20 (33%) overweight and 18 (30%) obese. The dimensions of TEMS that scored most were: Preference, Necessity and Hunger, Habits and Health, with significance in the variables BMI with higher averages for Social Norms, Income with higher averages for Price and Social Norms, Breed with Necessity and Hunger, Pleasure, Price and Control of Emotions, variable nutritional care with Health, physical activity with Social Norms, children with Price, with those who live with Habits, Necessity and Hunger, Pleasure and Price and the variable time of diagnosis showed significant difference with the dimension Pleasure. Conclusion: The motivations for food choices by people living with HIV/AIDS are Preference, Need and Hunger, Habits and Health, and those with less importance are Socialization, Visual Attraction, Control of Emotions and Social Image, what shows that health-related issues are what motivate food choices by this population. Limitations such as reduced sample and difficulty in data collection show that, for a more significant result, a study with a larger sample is necessary.
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Palavras-chave
Motivação, Comportamento, Nutrição de Grupos de Risco, Manejo da Obesidade, Motivation, Behavior, Nutrition for vulnerable groups, Obesity management