O Contrato social, de Rousseau, e sua recepção no Direito e democracia, de Habermas
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Data
2021-02-26
Autores
Martins, Wellington Anselmo [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pesquisa sobre o conceito de “soberania” de Rousseau, presente no capítulo sétimo, do Livro I, do Contrato social, frente a análise de Habermas acerca da “soberania do povo”, conforme o capítulo II, complementar, do Volume II, de Direito e democracia. Estruturalmente, este trabalho está dividido em antes, durante e depois da obra Contrato social: 1) para estudar a produção prévia de Rousseau, de antes do Contrato, apresenta-se principalmente Starobinski acerca do Primeiro Discurso ou Discurso obre as ciências e as artes, no qual já se nota algumas premissas importantes de Rousseau que, mais tarde, são amadurecidas no Contrato social; 2) a seguir, procura-se ler e analisar diretamente o próprio Contrato, especialmente o Livro I; 3) enfim, a preparação feita permite uma aproximação do estudo da recepção habermasiana do Contrato social, esta recepção que ora afirma os princípios revolucionários de Rousseau – que se desdobram no mundo da vida, pela Revolução Francesa, de 1789 –, ora aponta seus limites em relação ao mundo contemporâneo, onde formas de governo e noção de soberania popular encontram problemas originais pertencentes ao novo momento histórico. Porém, apesar da distância histórica e filosófica entre Rousseau e Habermas, os resultados deste trabalho apontam para a assimilação fundamental dos princípios republicanos e democráticos do genebrino na obra do frankfurtiano de segunda geração, isto em detrimento dos contratualistas britânicos Hobbes e Locke.
Research on Rousseau's concept of “sovereignty”, present in the seventh chapter, of Book I, of the Social contract, in view of Habermas's analysis of the “sovereignty of the people”, according to the complementary chapter II, of Volume II, of Law and democracy. Structurally, this work is divided into before, during and after the work Social contract: 1) to study Rousseau's previous production, from before the Contract, Starobinski presents himself mainly on the First Discourse or Discourse on the sciences and the arts, in which some important premises of Rousseau are already noted, which are later matured in the Contract Social; 2) then, we try to read and directly analyze the Contract itself, especially Book I; 3) finally, the preparation made allows an approximation of the study of the habermasian reception of the Social Contract, this reception that now affirms Rousseau's revolutionary principles – which unfold in the world of life itself, by the French Revolution, of 1789 –, now points out its limits in relation to the contemporary world, where forms of government and the notion of popular sovereignty encounter original problems pertaining to the new historical moment. However, despite the historical and philosophical distance between Rousseau and Habermas, the results of this work point to the fundamental assimilation of the republican and democratic principles of the genebrino in the work of the second generation of the Frankfurt, to the detriment of the contractualists Hobbes and Locke.
Research on Rousseau's concept of “sovereignty”, present in the seventh chapter, of Book I, of the Social contract, in view of Habermas's analysis of the “sovereignty of the people”, according to the complementary chapter II, of Volume II, of Law and democracy. Structurally, this work is divided into before, during and after the work Social contract: 1) to study Rousseau's previous production, from before the Contract, Starobinski presents himself mainly on the First Discourse or Discourse on the sciences and the arts, in which some important premises of Rousseau are already noted, which are later matured in the Contract Social; 2) then, we try to read and directly analyze the Contract itself, especially Book I; 3) finally, the preparation made allows an approximation of the study of the habermasian reception of the Social Contract, this reception that now affirms Rousseau's revolutionary principles – which unfold in the world of life itself, by the French Revolution, of 1789 –, now points out its limits in relation to the contemporary world, where forms of government and the notion of popular sovereignty encounter original problems pertaining to the new historical moment. However, despite the historical and philosophical distance between Rousseau and Habermas, the results of this work point to the fundamental assimilation of the republican and democratic principles of the genebrino in the work of the second generation of the Frankfurt, to the detriment of the contractualists Hobbes and Locke.
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Escola de Frankfurt, Direitos humanos, Teoria da democracia, Iluminismo, Rousseau, Habermas, Frankfurt School, Human rights, Democracy’s theory, Enlightenment