Masculinidades e Psicologias nos trabalhos com grupos de homens autores de violências contra mulheres
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Data
2021-03-12
Autores
Tokuda, André Masao Peres [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a construção, manutenção e organização dos grupos com homens autores de violências contra as mulheres e a inserção das Psicologias nestas ações. Essas iniciativas têm como propósito o combate às violências e suas reincidências, além da responsabilização e mudança de crenças, pensamentos e comportamentos desses homens, problematizando as relações de poder que ainda dão subsídios para a dominação masculina e submissão feminina. Tais questionamentos são importantes quando se pensa as violências contra as mulheres como resultado dos processos sociais e culturais que naturalizam o masculino como superior e as violências como expressões das masculinidades, autorizando os homens a cometerem tais atos para manutenção das relações desiguais de poder. Para realizar essa discussão utilizamos o método narrativo, que nos deu a possibilidade de entrar em contato com algumas vivências dos/das entrevistados/entrevistadas a partir de respostas aos nossos questionamentos. Realizamos entrevistas, por videoconferência, com sete pessoas que atuaram/atuam como facilitadores/facilitadoras em grupos com homens autores de violências contra as mulheres. Vale ressaltar que esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UNESP/Câmpus de Assis. A análise das narrativas deu-se por meio da Análise Temática e construímos as discussões dos relatos iniciando com os atravessamentos na vida dos/das participantes que os/as fizeram estudar e participar dos grupos com homens, perpassando a construção, organização e estruturação dessas iniciativas, desde questões financeiras, recursos humanos, a discussões teóricas e metodológicas. Por fim, apontamos sobre o uso dos conhecimentos psicológicos nestes projetos, como a Psicologia pode se inserir e ocupar tal espaço em conjunto com outras disciplinas. Consideramos que os grupos com homens autores de violências contra as mulheres, alinhados as discussões de gêneros, feministas e de masculinidades, assim como, ao enfoque reflexivo, com facilitadores/facilitadoras sendo capacitados/capacitadas, realizando discussões sobre as relações de poder e os regimes de verdade que atravessam as relações de gêneros, são tecnologias importantes para o combate às violências contra as mulheres e transformação da sociedade, pois buscam produzir não só o fim das agressões, mas a mudança de crenças e pensamentos desses homens, desconstruindo a ideia de uma única masculinidade e da superioridade masculina. Defendemos, então, a construção de uma política pública específica, com diretrizes para a construção, estruturação e manutenção desses grupos, além de recursos financeiros e humanos, dando a possibilidade de termos ainda mais ações com qualidade e podendo alcançar seus objetivos de modo efetivo. No entanto, apostamos que os grupos com homens autores de violências não devem ser substitutos de ações já construídas para o combate às violências contra as mulheres, e sim como parte das estratégias de enfrentamento. Em suma, entendemos que a Psicologia tem espaço nessas iniciativas com o olhar ampliado, a escuta ativa e questionando os regimes de verdade, os processos de normatização da vida e cristalização das identidades, buscando a equidade nas relações de poder que transpassam nossa sociedade, ou seja, psicólogos/psicólogas críticos à realidade.
The aim of this work is to discuss the construction, maintenance, and organization of groups with men who have committed violence against women and the insert of Psychologies in these actions. These initiatives has the purpose of combating violence and its recidivism, in addition to the accountability and change of beliefs, thoughts and behaviors of these men, problematizing the power relations that still give subsidies for male domination and female submission. Such questions are important when you think about violence against women as a result of the social and cultural processes that naturalize the masculine as superior and violence as expressions of masculinity, authorizing men to commit such acts to maintain the unequal power relations. To carry out this discussion we used the narrative method, which gave us the possibility to get in touch with some experiences of the interviewees based on answers to our questions. We conducted interviews, by videoconference, with seven people who acted/act as facilitators in groups with men who committed violence against women. It is worth mentioning that this research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNESP/Assis campus. The analysis of the narratives were carried out through Thematic Analysis and we built the discussions of the reports starting with the happenings in the lives of the participants who made them study and participate in the groups with men, going through the construction, organization and structuring of these initiatives, from financial issues, human resources, to theoretical and methodological discussions. Finally, we point out the use of psychological knowledge in these projects, how Psychology can be inserted and occupy such space along with other disciplines. We consider that groups with men who commit violence against women, aligned with the discussions of genders, feminists and masculinities, as well as, to the reflective focus, with facilitators being trained, carrying out discussions about the power relations and the truth regimes that cross gender relations, are important technologies for combating violence against women and transforming society, as they seek to produce not only the end of the aggressions, but the change of beliefs and thoughts of these men, deconstructing the idea of a single masculinity and the male superiority. We defend, therefore, the construction of a specific public policy, with guidelines for the construction, structuring and maintenance of these groups, in addition to financial and human resources, giving the possibility of having even more quality actions and being able to reach their objectives effectively. However, we believe that groups with men who committed violence should not be substitutes for actions already taken to combat violence against women, but as part of the coping strategies. In short, we understand that psychology has space in these initiatives with an expanded view, active listening and questioning the truth regimes, the processes of standardization of life and crystallization of identities, seeking equity in the power relations that permeate our society, or that is, psychologists critical the reality.
The aim of this work is to discuss the construction, maintenance, and organization of groups with men who have committed violence against women and the insert of Psychologies in these actions. These initiatives has the purpose of combating violence and its recidivism, in addition to the accountability and change of beliefs, thoughts and behaviors of these men, problematizing the power relations that still give subsidies for male domination and female submission. Such questions are important when you think about violence against women as a result of the social and cultural processes that naturalize the masculine as superior and violence as expressions of masculinity, authorizing men to commit such acts to maintain the unequal power relations. To carry out this discussion we used the narrative method, which gave us the possibility to get in touch with some experiences of the interviewees based on answers to our questions. We conducted interviews, by videoconference, with seven people who acted/act as facilitators in groups with men who committed violence against women. It is worth mentioning that this research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of UNESP/Assis campus. The analysis of the narratives were carried out through Thematic Analysis and we built the discussions of the reports starting with the happenings in the lives of the participants who made them study and participate in the groups with men, going through the construction, organization and structuring of these initiatives, from financial issues, human resources, to theoretical and methodological discussions. Finally, we point out the use of psychological knowledge in these projects, how Psychology can be inserted and occupy such space along with other disciplines. We consider that groups with men who commit violence against women, aligned with the discussions of genders, feminists and masculinities, as well as, to the reflective focus, with facilitators being trained, carrying out discussions about the power relations and the truth regimes that cross gender relations, are important technologies for combating violence against women and transforming society, as they seek to produce not only the end of the aggressions, but the change of beliefs and thoughts of these men, deconstructing the idea of a single masculinity and the male superiority. We defend, therefore, the construction of a specific public policy, with guidelines for the construction, structuring and maintenance of these groups, in addition to financial and human resources, giving the possibility of having even more quality actions and being able to reach their objectives effectively. However, we believe that groups with men who committed violence should not be substitutes for actions already taken to combat violence against women, but as part of the coping strategies. In short, we understand that psychology has space in these initiatives with an expanded view, active listening and questioning the truth regimes, the processes of standardization of life and crystallization of identities, seeking equity in the power relations that permeate our society, or that is, psychologists critical the reality.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Violência contra mulher, Masculinidade, Psicologia Social, Gênero