As novas territorialidades da informação e o lugar do jornalismo nos ambientes digitais
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Data
2021-03-29
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese de doutorado busca entender o lugar que o jornalismo passou a ocupar nos ambientes digitais, na medida em que estes espaços passaram a se configurar como novas territorialidades da informação: por ali circulam não apenas as representações dos acontecimentos factuais profissionalmente apuradas, mas também toda sorte de manifestações que edificam um cenário desinformativo ainda em construção. Partindo da hipótese de que estes conteúdos se valem da arquitetura noticiosa e da estrutura jornalística para se impor sobre a informação profissional, o estudo busca mapear este fenômeno a partir das teorias do jornalismo e da noção de territorialidade – ou o território em uso, na acepção antropológica. Para tanto, se vale da netnografia como metodologia de análise, a partir da qual é possível compreender e descrever o funcionamento de comunidades nos meios digitais. A amostra selecionada leva em conta relatório da Câmara dos Deputados no decurso da CPMI das Fake News, que indicou portais e canais que receberam recursos públicos via mídia programática para divulgar a campanha da Reforma da Providência de 2019, e que são considerados difusores de desinformação. Quatro perfis destes produtos no Twitter foram analisados a partir de seus tuítes e suas interações durante 12 semanas ininterruptas – a partir de categorias eleitas de acordo com os critérios apontados pela metodologia. O material revela a premência do fenômeno aqui batizado de perijornalismo: a criação de conteúdos que circundam o itinerário de apuração, produção e elaboração jornalística, mesmo quando o objetivo é deslegitimar o jornalismo profissional.
This doctoral thesis seeks to understand the place that journalism started to occupy in digital environments, as these spaces started to be configured as new territorialities of information: there are not only representations of factual events circulated professionally, but also all sort of demonstrations that build an uninformative scenario still under construction. Based on the hypothesis that these contents use the news architecture and the journalistic structure to impose themselves on professional information, the study seeks to map this phenomenon from the theories of journalism and the notion of territoriality - or the territory in use, in the anthropological definition. For that, it uses netnography as an analysis methodology, from which it is possible to understand and describe the functioning of communities in digital media. The selected sample takes into account a report by the Brazilian Parliament during the Fake News Inquiry, which indicated portals and channels that received public resources via programmatic advertising to publicize the 2019 Social Security Reform campaign, and which are considered disinformation diffusers. Four profiles of these products on Twitter were analyzed from their tweets and their interactions for 12 uninterrupted weeks - from categories chosen according to the criteria indicated by the methodology. The material reveals the urgency of the phenomenon here called perijournalism: the creation of contents that surround the itinerary of investigation, production and journalistic elaboration, even when the objective is to delegitimize professional journalism
This doctoral thesis seeks to understand the place that journalism started to occupy in digital environments, as these spaces started to be configured as new territorialities of information: there are not only representations of factual events circulated professionally, but also all sort of demonstrations that build an uninformative scenario still under construction. Based on the hypothesis that these contents use the news architecture and the journalistic structure to impose themselves on professional information, the study seeks to map this phenomenon from the theories of journalism and the notion of territoriality - or the territory in use, in the anthropological definition. For that, it uses netnography as an analysis methodology, from which it is possible to understand and describe the functioning of communities in digital media. The selected sample takes into account a report by the Brazilian Parliament during the Fake News Inquiry, which indicated portals and channels that received public resources via programmatic advertising to publicize the 2019 Social Security Reform campaign, and which are considered disinformation diffusers. Four profiles of these products on Twitter were analyzed from their tweets and their interactions for 12 uninterrupted weeks - from categories chosen according to the criteria indicated by the methodology. The material reveals the urgency of the phenomenon here called perijournalism: the creation of contents that surround the itinerary of investigation, production and journalistic elaboration, even when the objective is to delegitimize professional journalism
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Palavras-chave
Jornalismo, Mídias digitais, Territorialidade, Perijornalismo, Journalism, Digital media, Territorialities, Perijournalism