Soroprevalência da leptospirose em vacas leiteiras em propriedades da agricultura familiar, com foco na saúde única
Data
2021-03-19
Autores
Barcellos, Rodrigo Rhoden
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A agricultura familiar faz parte da base econômica de 90% dos municípios brasileiros com até 20 mil habitantes, proporcionalmente, representa 40% da população economicamente ativa do país, destacando- se o envolvimento com a produção leiteira. Como essa atividade é essencial para a alimentação humana, a produção de leite possui grande importância na agricultura familiar. Entretanto o convívio entre seres humanos, animais de produção, e de companhia, pode contribuir para a ocorrência de zoonoses, trazendo inúmeros prejuízos aos produtores rurais, e entre elas destaca-se a leptospirose. No presente trabalho foram avaliadas 272 fêmeas bovinas, de 20 propriedades de agricultura familiar localizadas nos municípios de Botucatu 2 (10%), Bofete 14 (70%), Pardinho 2 (10%), e Torrinha 2(10%), no estado de São Paulo. O número de amostras variou de acordo com os animais disponíveis nas propriedades. Coletou-se sangue de todos os animais para posteriormente avaliar a soroprevalência de leptospirose em cada rebanho, pela prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Simultaneamente à coleta foi aplicado aos produtores rurais, um questionário epidemiológico para avaliar aspectos referentes às características da propriedade, do rebanho, dos animais de companhia e silvestres presentes na propriedade, bem como hábitos higiênicos dos produtores rurais. Dentre os 272 animais avaliados,45 (16,54%) foram reagentes a pelo menos uma sorovariedade de leptospira. As sorovariedades encontradas foram: Hardjo prajitino (43%), Wolffi (19%), Hardjo CTG (8,9%), Hardjo bovis (3,8%), Guaricura (7,6%), Grippotyphosa (8,9%), Tarassovi (5,1%), Copenhageni (2,5%), e Canícola (1,3%). Conclui-se que há dispersão de diferentes sorovariedades nas propriedades avaliadas, principalmente com a participação de sorovares adaptados a espécies silvestres e não adaptados a bovinos (incidentais), eliminando a bactéria no meio ambiente, podendo, os animais soropositivos ser reservatórios, com riscos de contaminação e infecção ao ser humano.
Family farming is part of the economic base of 90% of Brazilian municipalities with up to 20 thousand inhabitants, proportionally representing 40% of the economically active population in the country, with emphasis on involvement in dairy production. As this activity is essential for human consumption, milk production has great importance in family farming. However the interaction between humans, livestock, and companion, may contribute to the occurrence of zoonoses,bringing numerous losses to farmers, and among them there is the leptospirosis. In the present study, 272 bovine females, from 20 family farms located in the municipalities of Botucatu 2 (10%), Bofete 14 (70%), Pardinho 2 (10%), and Torrinha 2 (10%), were evaluated in the state from Sao Paulo. The number of samples varied according to the animals available on the properties. Blood was collected from all animals to subsequently assess the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in each herd, using the Microscopic Seroagglutination test (SAM). Simultaneously to the collection, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the rural producers to assess aspects related to the characteristics of the property, the herd, the companion and wild animals present on the property, as well as the hygienic habits of the rural producers. Of the 272 animals evaluated, 45 (16.54%) were reactive to at least one of Leptospira serovar. The serovarieties found were: Hardjo prajitino (43%), Wolffi (19%), Hardjo CTG (8.9%), Hardjo bovis (3.8%), Guaricura (7.6%), Grippotyphosa (8.9%), Tarassovi (5.1%), Copenhageni (2.5%), and Canícola (1.3%). It is concluded that there is dispersion of different serovarieties in the evaluated properties, with the participation of serovars adapted and not adapted to cattle (incidental), and seropositive animals can be reservoirs, and eliminate leptospires in the environment, with risks of contamination and infection to the human being.
Family farming is part of the economic base of 90% of Brazilian municipalities with up to 20 thousand inhabitants, proportionally representing 40% of the economically active population in the country, with emphasis on involvement in dairy production. As this activity is essential for human consumption, milk production has great importance in family farming. However the interaction between humans, livestock, and companion, may contribute to the occurrence of zoonoses,bringing numerous losses to farmers, and among them there is the leptospirosis. In the present study, 272 bovine females, from 20 family farms located in the municipalities of Botucatu 2 (10%), Bofete 14 (70%), Pardinho 2 (10%), and Torrinha 2 (10%), were evaluated in the state from Sao Paulo. The number of samples varied according to the animals available on the properties. Blood was collected from all animals to subsequently assess the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in each herd, using the Microscopic Seroagglutination test (SAM). Simultaneously to the collection, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the rural producers to assess aspects related to the characteristics of the property, the herd, the companion and wild animals present on the property, as well as the hygienic habits of the rural producers. Of the 272 animals evaluated, 45 (16.54%) were reactive to at least one of Leptospira serovar. The serovarieties found were: Hardjo prajitino (43%), Wolffi (19%), Hardjo CTG (8.9%), Hardjo bovis (3.8%), Guaricura (7.6%), Grippotyphosa (8.9%), Tarassovi (5.1%), Copenhageni (2.5%), and Canícola (1.3%). It is concluded that there is dispersion of different serovarieties in the evaluated properties, with the participation of serovars adapted and not adapted to cattle (incidental), and seropositive animals can be reservoirs, and eliminate leptospires in the environment, with risks of contamination and infection to the human being.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura familiar, Leptospirose, Zoonoses, SAM, Family farming, Leptospirosis