Princípios da governança ambiental na gestão de recursos hídricos com foco em áreas úmidas (AU's) na Depressão Periférica Paulista
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Data
2021-04-21
Autores
Junqueira, Deise Aparecida [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os sistemas úmidos localizados na Depressão Periférica Paulista sofrem com passivos ambientais de atividades de grande impacto. Tratados internacionais, como a Convenção de Ramsar e Agenda 2030, reforçam a necessidade de proteção das wetlands diante da sua importância na provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos, e organizações internacionais, como ONU e OECD, apontam a importância da Governança na gestão ambiental destes ecossistemas para responder aos possíveis conflitos relacionados aos recursos hídricos diante de um cenário de mudanças climáticas. A partir de uma análise qualitativa dos instrumentos de gestão municipais e dos recursos hídricos (Plano Diretor Municipal, Lei Orgânica Municipal e Plano de Recursos Hídricos da Bacia), este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a Governança para áreas úmidas em quatro municípios considerados críticos em disponibilidade hídrica. Os resultados indicam falhas no cumprimento das funções sociais e na aplicação dos princípios da boa governança, com destaque para a urgência de cumprir o princípio de monitoramento e avaliação das wetlands para que suas perdas e degradação sejam reportadas e medidas de proteção efetivas sejam incorporadas. Os instrumentos de gestão não consideram as áreas úmidas de forma que as atividades antrópicas não são regulamentadas e, portanto, colocam a integridade ecológica das áreas úmidas em risco, podendo afetar a provisão de serviços ambientais, inclusive a disponibilidade hídrica. É urgente o inventariado e definição de status para as wetlands nas escalas local, regional e nacional, de forma que a função social do território seja exercida e os compromissos assumidos pelo Brasil sejam atendidos.
The wetlands located in the Depressão Periférica Paulista suffer from environmental liabilities of high-impact activities. International treaties, such as the Ramsar Convention and the Agenda 2030, reinforce the importance of protecting wetlands. International organizations such as the UN and OECD point out the importance of the Governance in the environmental management of these ecosystems to respond to possible conflicts related to water resources in the face of a climate change scenario. Based on a qualitative analysis of municipal management instruments and water resources plans (Municipal Master Plan, Municipal Organic Law, and Basin Water Resources Plan), this work aimed to assess Governance for wetlands in four cities considered critical for water availability. The results point to a faillure in the fulfillment of social functions and in the application of the principles of good governance, with emphasis on the urgency of complying with the principle of monitoring and evaluation of wetlands in such a way that their losses and degradation are reported and effective protection measures are incorporated. Management instruments do not consider wetlands so that human activities are not regulated and, therefore, put the ecological integrity of these environments at risk, which can affect the provision of environmental services, including, for instance, the water availability. It is urgent to inventory and define status for these environments at local, regional, and national scales so that the social function of the territory is exercised and the commitments assumed by Brazil are fulfilled.
The wetlands located in the Depressão Periférica Paulista suffer from environmental liabilities of high-impact activities. International treaties, such as the Ramsar Convention and the Agenda 2030, reinforce the importance of protecting wetlands. International organizations such as the UN and OECD point out the importance of the Governance in the environmental management of these ecosystems to respond to possible conflicts related to water resources in the face of a climate change scenario. Based on a qualitative analysis of municipal management instruments and water resources plans (Municipal Master Plan, Municipal Organic Law, and Basin Water Resources Plan), this work aimed to assess Governance for wetlands in four cities considered critical for water availability. The results point to a faillure in the fulfillment of social functions and in the application of the principles of good governance, with emphasis on the urgency of complying with the principle of monitoring and evaluation of wetlands in such a way that their losses and degradation are reported and effective protection measures are incorporated. Management instruments do not consider wetlands so that human activities are not regulated and, therefore, put the ecological integrity of these environments at risk, which can affect the provision of environmental services, including, for instance, the water availability. It is urgent to inventory and define status for these environments at local, regional, and national scales so that the social function of the territory is exercised and the commitments assumed by Brazil are fulfilled.
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Governança, Wetlands, Recursos hídricos, Convenção de Ramsar, Agenda 2030, Governance, Water resources, Ramsar convention, Sustainable development goals