Efeito das compras institucionais da agricultura familiar no fortalecimento de circuitos curtos de comercialização de alimentos em região sob o predomínio de cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2021-04-30
Autores
Fonseca, Adriano Ezequiel [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo geral foi verificar, para o período 2011 a 2017, como a aplicação do Artigo 14 (A14) do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) pelas prefeituras municipais constituiu-se em uma alternativa concreta de geração de renda para os agricultores familiares da Região Administrativa de Ribeirão Preto, diante dos limites representados pela monocultura canavieira. Como base teórico-conceitual, usou-se a noção de território e de circuitos curtos de comercialização de alimentos. Território é uma representação econômica e política de uma região/espaço, no caso estudado muito influenciado pelos interesses de grandes empresários sucroalcooleiros e canavieiros. Circuito curto prevê aproximação entre agricultores e consumidores, melhoria na qualidade nutricional e ecológica dos alimentos e promoção na vida de pequenos agricultores, pontos inclusos no PNAE. Abordaram-se variados estudos e estatísticas de avaliação do A14 do PNAE em situações diversas, que permitiram criar métricas para avaliar a atuação das 25 prefeituras da RARP. Como resultado geral, observou-se que os limites impostos pela estrutura canavieira, em termos de uso do solo e controle da posse da terra, levaram a um desempenho do A14 abaixo do observado em outras regiões paulistas e de outros estados. Tão somente um município cumpriu, com muita instabilidade, o mínimo de gasto previsto no A14. As compras não se efetivaram, em sua grande maioria, junto aos agricultores da região, predominando aquelas feitas junto a associações e cooperativas. Entende-se que não se conseguiu criar um novo pacto entre prefeituras e agricultores familiares locais, que significasse maior integração dos mesmos no PNAE, de forma específica, e em políticas públicas, de forma ampla.
The general objective was to verify, for the period from 2011 to 2017, how the application of Article 14 (A14) of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) by city halls constituted a concrete alternative for generating income for family farmers in the Administrative Region of Ribeirão Preto, facing the limits represented by the sugarcane monoculture. As a theoretical-conceptual basis, the notion of territory and short circuits of food commercialization was used. Territory is an economic and political representation of a region / space, in the case studied very influenced by the interests of large sugar-alcohol and sugar-cane entrepreneurs. Short circuit foresees approximation between farmers and consumers, improvement in the nutritional and ecological quality of food and promotion in the life of small farmers, points included in the PNAE. Various studies and statistics on the evaluation of the A14 of the PNAE were approached in different situations, which allowed the creation of metrics to evaluate the performance of the 25 prefectures of the RARP. As a general result, it was observed that the limits imposed by the sugarcane structure, in terms of land use and land tenure control, led to an A14 performance below that observed in other regions of São Paulo and other states. Only one municipality fulfilled, with great instability, the minimum expenditure foreseen in the A14. Most of the purchases were not made with farmers in the region, predominantly those made with associations and cooperatives. It is understood that it was not possible to create a new pact between city halls and local family farmers, which would mean greater integration of them in the PNAE, in a specific way, and in public policies, in a broad way.
The general objective was to verify, for the period from 2011 to 2017, how the application of Article 14 (A14) of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) by city halls constituted a concrete alternative for generating income for family farmers in the Administrative Region of Ribeirão Preto, facing the limits represented by the sugarcane monoculture. As a theoretical-conceptual basis, the notion of territory and short circuits of food commercialization was used. Territory is an economic and political representation of a region / space, in the case studied very influenced by the interests of large sugar-alcohol and sugar-cane entrepreneurs. Short circuit foresees approximation between farmers and consumers, improvement in the nutritional and ecological quality of food and promotion in the life of small farmers, points included in the PNAE. Various studies and statistics on the evaluation of the A14 of the PNAE were approached in different situations, which allowed the creation of metrics to evaluate the performance of the 25 prefectures of the RARP. As a general result, it was observed that the limits imposed by the sugarcane structure, in terms of land use and land tenure control, led to an A14 performance below that observed in other regions of São Paulo and other states. Only one municipality fulfilled, with great instability, the minimum expenditure foreseen in the A14. Most of the purchases were not made with farmers in the region, predominantly those made with associations and cooperatives. It is understood that it was not possible to create a new pact between city halls and local family farmers, which would mean greater integration of them in the PNAE, in a specific way, and in public policies, in a broad way.
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Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar, National School Feeding Program (PNAE), Alimentação escolar, Agricultura familiar, Região administrativa de Ribeirão Preto, Políticas públicas, School feeding, Family agriculture, Administrative region of Ribeirão Preto, Public policy