Desafios ambientais na indústria automobilística: uma análise do sistema de gestão ambiental da produção automobilística e projeções para o futuro do setor
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Data
2021-05-19
Autores
Costa, Alexandra Mendonça
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os padrões de consumo mudaram ao longo dos anos, e a regeneração do meio ambiente não acompanhou o progresso tecnológico, sendo intensos os impactos negativos da tecnologia sobre o ambiente. A intensa desestabilização econômica do setor automobilístico e as mudanças de preferências e de comportamentos dos consumidores fizeram com que a indústria automobilística passasse por importantes transformações para garantir sua força de mercado. Além disso, com as mudanças de legislações e de foco em sustentabilidade, o sistema de gestão ambiental do setor automobilístico também passou a ser prioridade nas empresas. Nesse sentido, o estudo buscou entender as transformações da última década na indústria automobilística, bem como a sua cadeia produtiva, desafios e projeções para o futuro do setor. O cenário atual demonstra que empresas estão cada vez mais buscando alternativas e estratégias que contribuam para reduzir impactos ao meio ambiente com a implementação de recursos de sistemas de gestão ambiental e diversificação da produção. Foram analisadas a mudança do consumidor dos últimos anos, as preferências, as tendências de mercado e as principais projeções tecnológicas para o futuro da mobilidade envolvendo os automóveis. Analisaram-se relatórios publicados por representantes deste mercado, publicações da área e literatura apropriada. Verificou-se que existe uma forte tendência à eletrificação da frota do setor, bem como outras possibilidades de produção de veículos inovadores, como autônomos, híbridos e movidos a fontes diferenciadas, como hidrogênio. Além disso, observou-se que os consumidores vêm enxergando os carros cada vez mais como serviço do que um bem, o que tende a aumentar ainda mais a preferência por aplicativos de mobilidade como Uber, patinetes e bicicletas, contratação de serviços como carros por assinatura e carsharing. No Brasil, enxergam-se alguns desafios principais para que as inovações e projeções encontradas para o setor automobilístico realmente se efetivem, como: falta de infraestrutura apropriada para essas inovações, trabalho intenso com regulamentação, legislação e impostos, e mudança do mindset dos consumidores.
Consumption patterns have changed over the years, but the regeneration of the environment has not kept pace with technological progress, with intense negative impacts on the environment. The intense economic destabilization of the automobile sector and all the changes in consumer preferences and behavior have caused important transformations on this sector in order to guarantee the market strength of this industry. In addition, with changes in legislation and a focus on sustainability, the automotive sector’s environmental management system has also become a priority within companies. In this sense, this study aimed to understand the transformations of the last decade in the automobile industry, as well as its production chain, challenges and projections for the future of the sector. The current scenario demonstrates that companies are increasingly looking for alternatives and strategies that contribute to reducing impacts on the environment with the implementation of resources from environmental management systems and diversification of production. Consumer change in recent years (preferences and behavior), market trends and the main technological projections for the future of mobility involving automobiles were analyzed in this study through reports published by representatives of this market, publications in the area and other appropriate literature. We found a strong tendency to electrify the sector's fleet, as well as other possibilities for the production of innovative vehicles, such as autonomous, hybrid and powered by differentiated sources, such as hydrogen. In addition, it was observed that consumers are increasingly seeing cars as a service, which tends to further increase the preference for mobility applications such as Uber, scooters and bicycles, and hiring services such as subscription cars and carsharing. In Brazil, some main challenges may hamper innovations and projections found for the automobile sector really take effect, such as: lack of an adequate infrastructure for these innovations, hard work with legislation and taxes, and changing the mindset of consumers.
Consumption patterns have changed over the years, but the regeneration of the environment has not kept pace with technological progress, with intense negative impacts on the environment. The intense economic destabilization of the automobile sector and all the changes in consumer preferences and behavior have caused important transformations on this sector in order to guarantee the market strength of this industry. In addition, with changes in legislation and a focus on sustainability, the automotive sector’s environmental management system has also become a priority within companies. In this sense, this study aimed to understand the transformations of the last decade in the automobile industry, as well as its production chain, challenges and projections for the future of the sector. The current scenario demonstrates that companies are increasingly looking for alternatives and strategies that contribute to reducing impacts on the environment with the implementation of resources from environmental management systems and diversification of production. Consumer change in recent years (preferences and behavior), market trends and the main technological projections for the future of mobility involving automobiles were analyzed in this study through reports published by representatives of this market, publications in the area and other appropriate literature. We found a strong tendency to electrify the sector's fleet, as well as other possibilities for the production of innovative vehicles, such as autonomous, hybrid and powered by differentiated sources, such as hydrogen. In addition, it was observed that consumers are increasingly seeing cars as a service, which tends to further increase the preference for mobility applications such as Uber, scooters and bicycles, and hiring services such as subscription cars and carsharing. In Brazil, some main challenges may hamper innovations and projections found for the automobile sector really take effect, such as: lack of an adequate infrastructure for these innovations, hard work with legislation and taxes, and changing the mindset of consumers.
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Palavras-chave
Setor automobilístico, Meio ambiente, Indústria automobilística, Automotive industry, Environment, Auto industry