Manejo da fertilização potássica e regime hídrico em amendoim cultivado em segunda safra
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Data
2021-07-06
Autores
Ceita, Emanuel D Araújo Ribeiro de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O amendoim cultivado sucessivamente é uma estratégia para produtores que desejam obter maior retorno econômico com foco na produção de sementes. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico do amendoim e quantificar a absorção de macronutrientes da cultura, cultivado em segunda safra sob regimes hídricos e fertilização potássica. O experimento foi delineado em faixas, considerando o regime hídrico (RH) divididos em faixas. Dentro de cada RH foram constituídos por manejo de fertilização (MF) também dispostos em faixas com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dois RH [100% e 50% da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) ] e três MF [F1 - Fertirrigação de acordo com a marcha de absorção da cultura, F2 - Fertirrigação parcelada em quatro vezes durante o ciclo e F3 - Fertilização convencional]. O regime hídrico com 100% da ETc, associado com à fertilização potássica sob fertirrigação parcelada em quatro vezes, proporciona aumento no crescimento do amendoim cultivado na segunda safra, evidenciado pela maior altura da haste principal da planta e taxa de cobertura do solo pelo dossel da cultura. Neste mesmo regime hídrico foi obtido aumentos de 69% (+1074,6 kg ha-1) e 47% (+1061,3 kg ha-1) na produtividade de sementes e de vagens utilizando a cultivar IAC 503. A maior taxa de absorção de nutrientes ocorre aos 166 dias após semeadura (DAS) durante o estádio reprodutivo, correspondendo aos períodos entre a formação das vagens e o enchimento de semente.
The successively cultivated peanuts are an strategy for producers who want to obtain greater economic return with a focus on seed production. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of peanuts and quantify the absorption of macronutrients from the crop, grown in the second crop under water regimes and potassium fertilization. The experiment was designed in bands, considering the water regime (WR) divided into bands. Within each WR were constituted by fertilization management (FM) also arranged in bands with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of two WR [100% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) ] and three FM [F1 - Fertigation according to the rate of crop absorption, F2 - Fertigation split in four times during the cycle and F3 - Conventional Fertilization]. The water regime with 100% of ETc, associated with potassium fertilization under four-fold split fertigation, provides an increase in the growth of peanuts cultivated in the second crop, evidenced by the greater height of the main stem of the plant and the ground cover rate by the canopy of the plant culture. In this, same water regime, increases of 69% (+1074.6 kg ha-1 ) and 47% (+1061.3 kg ha-1 ) in seed and pod yield were obtained using the cultivar IAC 503. Nutrient absorption occurs at 166 days after sowing (DAS) during the reproductive stage, corresponding to the periods between pod formation and seed filling.
The successively cultivated peanuts are an strategy for producers who want to obtain greater economic return with a focus on seed production. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of peanuts and quantify the absorption of macronutrients from the crop, grown in the second crop under water regimes and potassium fertilization. The experiment was designed in bands, considering the water regime (WR) divided into bands. Within each WR were constituted by fertilization management (FM) also arranged in bands with five repetitions. The treatments consisted of two WR [100% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) ] and three FM [F1 - Fertigation according to the rate of crop absorption, F2 - Fertigation split in four times during the cycle and F3 - Conventional Fertilization]. The water regime with 100% of ETc, associated with potassium fertilization under four-fold split fertigation, provides an increase in the growth of peanuts cultivated in the second crop, evidenced by the greater height of the main stem of the plant and the ground cover rate by the canopy of the plant culture. In this, same water regime, increases of 69% (+1074.6 kg ha-1 ) and 47% (+1061.3 kg ha-1 ) in seed and pod yield were obtained using the cultivar IAC 503. Nutrient absorption occurs at 166 days after sowing (DAS) during the reproductive stage, corresponding to the periods between pod formation and seed filling.
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Palavras-chave
Amendoim, Produtividade agrícola, Irrigação agrícola, Plantas Nutrição, Crop yields, Nutrition