Mapeamento de manifestações patológicas em revestimentos argamassados de fachada: estudo de caso em edifícios residenciais de Fernandópolis-SP
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Data
2021-06-18
Autores
Dias, Renan Cesar de Oliviera
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os problemas patológicos que acometem o Revestimento Argamassado de Fachada (RAF) têm grande importância no cenário das cidades, pois sua deterioração causa prejuízo estético e simbólico, além de gerar uma sensação de insegurança ao usuário. Ademais, a formação de manifestações patológicas no RAF ocasiona um declínio do desempenho, prejudicando o uso da edificação. Perante o exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar, mapear e quantificar as manifestações patológicas com mais incidência no RAF de edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos localizados no município de Fernandópolis – SP. Destarte, o estudo de caso contou com a inspeção do universo amostral de 22 edifícios localizados no perímetro urbano, contemplando um total de 88 fachadas, com idades variando entre 4 e 34 anos. Para a quantificação das manifestações patológicas empregou-se os Métodos da Incidência e da Intensidade, que consideram a recorrência e a frequência de problemas, respectivamente. Além da diferenciação do método de quantificação, estas foram quantificadas a partir de 5 regiões tipificadas de fachada, qual seja, 1-em paredes contínuas (OCW), 2-em torno de aberturas (OOP), 3-no topo de parapeitos e beirais (TOP), 4-abaixo de varandas, sacadas ou ressaltos (BCP) e 5-nos cantos e bordos (OCE). No total, foram observados 4351 problemas patológicos pelo Método da Intensidade e 481 pelo Método da Incidência. Os problemas mais recorrentes foram as manchas (42,83%) e fissuras (42,83%), seguidas do descolamento (14,14%), enquanto que, os mais frequentes foram as manchas (70,74%), seguidas das fissuras (25,65%) e dos descolamentos (3,59%). Considerando a frequência dos problemas, as fachadas mais degradadas foram Leste, Oeste, seguidas das fachadas Norte e Sul, com 1395, 1120, 919 e 917 problemas patológicos, respectivamente. As localizações mais afetadas foram as regiões OOP, OCW, seguidas das regiões BCP, TOP e OCE, com 1013, 1501, 939, 793 e 105 problemas patológicos, respectivamente. Com base nestas informações foram elaborados Mapas de Padrão de Degradação, quais sejam, Mapa de Probabilidade (PR), Mapa de Potencial de Degradação (DPR) e Mapa de sensibilidade (SG), que trazem informações sobre a probabilidade de ocorrência de alguma manifestação patológica em determinada região tipificada da fachada, quais as regiões mais degradadas e quais as regiões mais sensíveis para o surgimento de algum caso patológico em específico, respectivamente.
The building defects presented in External Mortar Render (RAF) are of great importance in the cities scenario, as its deterioration causes aesthetic and symbolic damage, in addition to generating a feeling of insecurity for the user. Moreover, defects formation in the RAF causes a decline in its performance, impairing the use of the building. Therefore, this study aims to identify, map and quantify the mortar building envelope defects with the highest occurrence in the RAF of multi-storey buildings located in the Fernandópolis city, São Paulo state. Thus, the case study is based on a sample data collected through inspections of 22 buildings¸ located in the urban perimeter, covering 88 façades, with ages varying between 4 and 34 years. In order to quantify the defects, Incidence and Intensity Methods were used, which consider the recurrence and frequency of problems, respectively. In addition, the defects were quantified from five typified façade regions, that are, 1-on continuous wall (OCW), 2-around openings (OOP), 3-at parapets and eaves (TOP), 4-below balconies, soffits or ledges and 5-on corners and edges (OCE). It was observed 4351 defects by the Intensity Method and 481 by the Incidence Method. The most recurrent problems were stains (42.83%) and cracks (42.83%), followed by detachment (14.14%), while the most frequent were stains (70.74%), followed by cracks (25.65%) and detachments (3.59%). Considering the frequency of the problems, the façades with the highest number of external defects were East and West, followed by North and South, with 1395, 1120, 919 and 917 problems, respectively. The most affected locations were the OOP and OCW, followed by BCP, TOP and OCE regions, with 1013, 1501, 939, 793 and 105 pathological problems, respectively. Based on data collected, Degradation Pattern Maps were created, namely, Probability Map (PR), Degradation Potential Map (DPR) and Sensitivity Map (SG). Probability Maps provides information on the probability of the occurrence of any defect in a specific typified region of the façade, Degradation Potential Map shows the most degraded region and Sensitivity Map represents the most sensitive regions for the appearance of a specific defect.
The building defects presented in External Mortar Render (RAF) are of great importance in the cities scenario, as its deterioration causes aesthetic and symbolic damage, in addition to generating a feeling of insecurity for the user. Moreover, defects formation in the RAF causes a decline in its performance, impairing the use of the building. Therefore, this study aims to identify, map and quantify the mortar building envelope defects with the highest occurrence in the RAF of multi-storey buildings located in the Fernandópolis city, São Paulo state. Thus, the case study is based on a sample data collected through inspections of 22 buildings¸ located in the urban perimeter, covering 88 façades, with ages varying between 4 and 34 years. In order to quantify the defects, Incidence and Intensity Methods were used, which consider the recurrence and frequency of problems, respectively. In addition, the defects were quantified from five typified façade regions, that are, 1-on continuous wall (OCW), 2-around openings (OOP), 3-at parapets and eaves (TOP), 4-below balconies, soffits or ledges and 5-on corners and edges (OCE). It was observed 4351 defects by the Intensity Method and 481 by the Incidence Method. The most recurrent problems were stains (42.83%) and cracks (42.83%), followed by detachment (14.14%), while the most frequent were stains (70.74%), followed by cracks (25.65%) and detachments (3.59%). Considering the frequency of the problems, the façades with the highest number of external defects were East and West, followed by North and South, with 1395, 1120, 919 and 917 problems, respectively. The most affected locations were the OOP and OCW, followed by BCP, TOP and OCE regions, with 1013, 1501, 939, 793 and 105 pathological problems, respectively. Based on data collected, Degradation Pattern Maps were created, namely, Probability Map (PR), Degradation Potential Map (DPR) and Sensitivity Map (SG). Probability Maps provides information on the probability of the occurrence of any defect in a specific typified region of the façade, Degradation Potential Map shows the most degraded region and Sensitivity Map represents the most sensitive regions for the appearance of a specific defect.
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Palavras-chave
Revestimentos de argamassa, Anomalias, Degradação, Patologia das edificações, Mapeamento, Mortar renders, Anomalies, Degradation, Building defect, Mapping defect