As três Igrejas dos Homens Pretos de São Paulo de Piratininga: gênese urbana e disputas territoriais (1720-1910)
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Data
2021-07-02
Autores
Santos, Fabricio Forganes
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho investiga a presença negra no urbanismo da cidade de São Paulo a partir de três Igrejas de Homens Pretos e seus referidos entornos: a Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Pretos, a Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição e Santa Efigênia e a Igreja de São Benedito, edificadas no núcleo histórico da vila de Piratininga nos tempos coloniais e transformadas em lugar da memória negra paulistana na Primeira República. Fundadas como dispositivo de controle da população preta paulistana, cujos números aumentaram a partir do século XVIII, as igrejas construídas ou ocupadas pelos membros das irmandades negras possibilitaram ao povo preto a demarcação de seus enclaves no plano urbano da cidade, estabelecendo uma territorialidade específica a partir da apropriação estratégica da religião católica. Tendo como metodologia a investigação em documentos textuais primários, o estudo da iconografia oitocentista e a análise da cartografia produzida no arco temporal de 1775 a 1916, este trabalho desenvolve uma nova narrativa acerca dos territórios negros da cidade de São Paulo, dando ênfase à relevância do lugar onde foram implantadas as Igrejas dos Homens Pretos e ao apagamento desta memória no urbanismo paulistano. Trazendo à luz as ações engendradas pelos poderes temporal e espiritual contra os lugares do catolicismo negro paulistano, todas elas concebidas como parte de um “projeto de nação” elaborado por uma sociedade recém-republicana, esta pesquisa revela os antecedentes históricos das disputas territoriais que podem ser consideradas a gênese do processo de expulsão dos negros das áreas mais valorizadas de São Paulo – o núcleo central urbano – para as bordas suburbanas da cidade.
This research investigates the presence of black people in the urbanism of the city of São Paulo from the viewpoint of three Churches of Black Men and their respective surroundings: the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Black Men, the Church of Our Lady of the Conception and Saint Iphigenia and the Church of Saint Benedict, all of them built in the historic nucleus of the Village of Piratininga at colonial times and then transformed into a place of the S.Paulo black memory in the First Republic. Founded as an instrument of control over S.Paulo black population, which number increased from the XVIII century, the churches built or occupied by the members of the black brotherhoods have made possible to the black people the setting of boundaries of their enclaves in the urban plan of the city, which established a specific territory from the strategic appropriation of the catholic religion. By using as methodology the investigation in primary textual documents, the research in the 1800’s iconography and the analysis of cartography produced in the 1775-1916 timeline, this work develops a new narrative about the spaces of the black Catholicism in the city of S.Paulo, enhancing the relevance of the places where the Churches of the Black Men were built and the suppression of this memory from the S.Paulo urbanism. Shedding light to the actions engendered by the worldly and spiritual power against the places of black Catholicism in S.Paulo, all of these conceived as part of a “project of nation” elaborated by a newly-republican society, this research reveals the previous historical facts of the territorial contests, which can be considered as the very origin of the process of expulsion of the black people from the most valued areas of S.Paulo – the central urban nucleus – to the city outskirts.
This research investigates the presence of black people in the urbanism of the city of São Paulo from the viewpoint of three Churches of Black Men and their respective surroundings: the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary of the Black Men, the Church of Our Lady of the Conception and Saint Iphigenia and the Church of Saint Benedict, all of them built in the historic nucleus of the Village of Piratininga at colonial times and then transformed into a place of the S.Paulo black memory in the First Republic. Founded as an instrument of control over S.Paulo black population, which number increased from the XVIII century, the churches built or occupied by the members of the black brotherhoods have made possible to the black people the setting of boundaries of their enclaves in the urban plan of the city, which established a specific territory from the strategic appropriation of the catholic religion. By using as methodology the investigation in primary textual documents, the research in the 1800’s iconography and the analysis of cartography produced in the 1775-1916 timeline, this work develops a new narrative about the spaces of the black Catholicism in the city of S.Paulo, enhancing the relevance of the places where the Churches of the Black Men were built and the suppression of this memory from the S.Paulo urbanism. Shedding light to the actions engendered by the worldly and spiritual power against the places of black Catholicism in S.Paulo, all of these conceived as part of a “project of nation” elaborated by a newly-republican society, this research reveals the previous historical facts of the territorial contests, which can be considered as the very origin of the process of expulsion of the black people from the most valued areas of S.Paulo – the central urban nucleus – to the city outskirts.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Igrejas das Irmandades dos Homens Pretos, Negros em São Paulo, Catolicismo negro, Territórios negros, História urbana, Churches of the Black Men, Black peoples in S. Paulo, Black catholicism, Black territories, Urban history