Desenvolvimento de híbridos de lúpulo adaptados às condições tropicais
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Data
2021-06-04
Autores
Gonsaga, Renan Furlan [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O lúpulo é uma planta utilizada na medicina popular a muitos séculos, porém seu maior destaque no cenário mundial é sua utilização na fabricação de cerveja, aonde é um dos ingredientes fundamentais. Cerca de 98% do lúpulo produzido no mundo é utilizado no mercado cervejeiro, sendo a imensa maioria produzida nos EUA e Alemanha. Por ser uma planta de clima temperado e normalmente cultivada apenas nas faixas de latitude entre 35 e 55º Norte ou Sul. No Brasil o cultivo de lúpulo vem ganhando destaque nos últimos anos, apesar de somente se produzir cultivares que não possuem patentes, sendo assim, a maioria dos lúpulos produzidos no país não são aqueles mais consumidos no mundo atualmente. O lúpulo é extremamente influenciado pelo fotoperíodo, o que afeta sua produtividade e uniformidade da produção, devido às baixas latitudes nacionais, o fotoperíodo brasileiro é mais curto do que as principais regiões produtoras no mundo, assim é importante procurar híbridos que possam produzir lúpulos com boa qualidade e grande produtividade. Avaliou-se em um ensaio o desempenho de nove cultivares comerciais em várias características, visando avaliar seu ciclo, desenvolvimento e produção. Em outro ensaio, foram realizados cruzamentos entre 10 cultivares femininas e 3 masculinas a fim de avaliar os híbridos em clima tropical. Os experimentos foram realizados em delineamento em blocos casualizados e avaliados semanalmente. Dentre as cultivares a ‘Mantiqueira’ apresentou os melhores resultados para todas as características avaliadas, assim como o maior ciclo. Entre os híbridos, destacam-se JAB1303-13 e JAB1403-12 como as melhores progênies no conjunto das características avaliadas. Na análise qualitativa, destacam-se para alfa-ácido o JAB1503-04 com 12,57% e o JAB1403-39 com 9,84% de beta-ácido.
Hops is a plant used in folk medicine for many centuries, but its biggest highlight on the world stage is its use in the manufacture of beer, where it is one of the fundamental ingredients. About 98% of the hops produced in the world are used in the beer market, with the vast majority being produced in the USA and Germany. For being a temperate climate plant and normally cultivated only in the latitude ranges between 35 and 55º North or South. In Brazil, the cultivation of hops has been gaining prominence in recent years, despite only producing cultivars that do not have patents, thus, most of the hops produced in the country are not those most consumed in the world today. Hops is extremely influenced by the photoperiod, which affects its productivity and production uniformity. Due to low national latitudes, the Brazilian photoperiod is shorter than the main producing regions in the world, so it is important to look for hybrids that can produce hops with good quality and great productivity. The performance of nine commercial cultivars in various traits was evaluated in a trial, aiming to evaluate their cycle, development and production. In another trial, crosses between 10 female and 3 male cultivars were performed in order to evaluate the hybrids in a tropical climate. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design and evaluated weekly. Among the cultivars 'Mantiqueira' showed the best results for all evaluated characteristics, as well as the longest cycle. Among the hybrids, JAB1303-13 and JAB1403-12 stand out as the best progenies in the set of evaluated characteristics. In the qualitative analysis, JAB1503-04 with 12.57% and JAB1403-39 with 9.84% of beta-acids stand out for alpha-acids.
Hops is a plant used in folk medicine for many centuries, but its biggest highlight on the world stage is its use in the manufacture of beer, where it is one of the fundamental ingredients. About 98% of the hops produced in the world are used in the beer market, with the vast majority being produced in the USA and Germany. For being a temperate climate plant and normally cultivated only in the latitude ranges between 35 and 55º North or South. In Brazil, the cultivation of hops has been gaining prominence in recent years, despite only producing cultivars that do not have patents, thus, most of the hops produced in the country are not those most consumed in the world today. Hops is extremely influenced by the photoperiod, which affects its productivity and production uniformity. Due to low national latitudes, the Brazilian photoperiod is shorter than the main producing regions in the world, so it is important to look for hybrids that can produce hops with good quality and great productivity. The performance of nine commercial cultivars in various traits was evaluated in a trial, aiming to evaluate their cycle, development and production. In another trial, crosses between 10 female and 3 male cultivars were performed in order to evaluate the hybrids in a tropical climate. The experiments were carried out in a randomized block design and evaluated weekly. Among the cultivars 'Mantiqueira' showed the best results for all evaluated characteristics, as well as the longest cycle. Among the hybrids, JAB1303-13 and JAB1403-12 stand out as the best progenies in the set of evaluated characteristics. In the qualitative analysis, JAB1503-04 with 12.57% and JAB1403-39 with 9.84% of beta-acids stand out for alpha-acids.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas melhoramento genético, Humulus lupulus, Plantas aromáticas, Brasil, Produtividade agrícola