Estudo hidroquímico do rio Alambari, no município de São José dos Campos (SP)
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Data
2021-06-25
Autores
Lee, Isabella Gumiero [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta dissertação descreve um estudo hidroquímico realizado no rio Alambari, que atravessa as dependências da Refinaria Henrique Lage (Revap - Petrobrás), no município de São José dos Campos, Estado de São Paulo. O objetivo do trabalho foi a caracterização hidroquímica das águas do rio Alambari para avaliar sua qualidade, e a verificação da presença de efluentes domésticos e/ou industriais e de demais impactos ambientais causados em decorrência das atividades da refinaria. Duas campanhas de amostragem foram realizadas, com o objetivo de coletar amostras de água do rio Alambari em 32 pontos de monitoramento. Adicionalmente, foi coletada uma amostra de água pluvial. Foram analisados parâmetros físico-químicos (temperatura, pH, potencial oxidação-redução (Eh), condutividade elétrica (CE), turbidez e oxigênio dissolvido), bem como compostos inorgânicos (sódio, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, rubídio, estrôncio, cloreto, brometo, sulfato, nitrato, sílica, surfactantes, tanino e lignina), metais pesados (ferro, manganês, níquel, cobre, zinco, chumbo, titânio, vanádio, cromo, tório e urânio), sólidos totais dissolvidos (STD), radônio dissolvido (222Rn) e compostos orgânicos (BTEX), que forneceram um conjunto de dados robusto para a compreensão dos principais processos relacionados às modificações na qualidade da água. Todas as amostras analisadas exibiram um padrão hidroquímico semelhante, exceto a amostra IL-02, que apresentou valores discrepantes para a maioria dos parâmetros analisados. Nesse ponto de monitoramento, a composição pode estar relacionada a contribuição excessiva de efluentes domésticos evidenciada por seu alto teor de surfactantes e por efluentes de esgoto, conforme indicado por sua maior concentração de cloreto e nitrato. Foi encontrada uma relação entre CE e STD, como frequentemente descrito em outras pesquisas. O sódio e o cloreto foram os íons dominantes que justificaram a relação CE-STD. Além disso, tanto a CE quanto os STD também se correlacionaram significativamente com a alcalinidade. A água da chuva é empobrecida nos constituintes dissolvidos em relação às águas do rio, que os adquirem durante as interações da chuva com as coberturas do solo/superfícies rochosas ou entradas antropogênicas no canal do rio Alambari. Entre os metais e o brometo presentes nas águas do rio Alambari, destacam-se as correlações significativas entre Fe com Mn e Ti, Ni com Zn e Pb, Sr com Mn, Cu, Br e Rb, e Br com Cu e Cl. O diagrama de Piper destacou que as fácies hidroquímicas da água da chuva e das águas superficiais são as mesmas, sódicas bicarbonatadas. As amostras de água do rio Alambari foram classificadas como sódicas bicarbonatadas (88% das amostras), sódicas cloretadas (9%) e sódicas mistas (3%, referente a amostra IL-02). Os diagramas de bumerangue de Gibbs sugerem a influência dominante dos efeitos de diluição pela água da chuva na composição hidroquímica das águas do rio Alambari. O oxigênio dissolvido e o radônio se correlacionaram significativamente. Em relação a qualidade das águas do rio Alambari, as análises dos parâmetros físico-químicos, hidroquímicos e dos compostos orgânicos (BTEX) não possibilitaram confirmar uma influência da refinaria nas águas estudadas.
This dissertation describes a hydrochemical study held on the Alambari river, which crosses the installations of the Henrique Lage Refinery (Revap - Petrobrás), in the São José dos Campos city, at eastern of São Paulo State, Brazil. The aim of this research was the hydrochemical characterization of the waters of the Alambari river to evaluate its quality, and the verification of the presence of domestic and/or industrial effluents and other environmental impacts caused as result of the refinery's activities. Two sampling campaigns were carried out, with the aim of collecting water samples from the Alambari River at 32 monitoring points. In addition, a rainwater sample was collected. Physical-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity and dissolved oxygen) were analyzed, as well as inorganic compounds (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, rubidium, strontium, chloride, bromide, sulfate, nitrate, silica, surfactants, tannin and lignin), heavy metals (iron, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, titanium, vanadium, chromium, thorium and uranium), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved radon (222Rn) and organic compounds (BTEX), which provided a robust dataset for understanding the main processes related to changes in water quality. All samples analyzed exhibited a similar hydrochemical pattern, except for IL-02, which showed different values for most of the analyzed parameters. At this monitoring point, the composition may be related to an excessive contribution of domestic effluents evidenced by its high content of surfactants and by sewage effluents, as indicated by its higher concentration of chloride and nitrate. A relationship has been found between EC and TDS, as often described elsewhere. Sodium and chloride were the dominant ions that justified the EC-TDS relationship. In addition, both EC and TDS also correlated significantly with alkalinity. Rainwater is depleted in the dissolved constituents in relation to the river waters, which is acquired during rain interactions with the soil coverings/rock surfaces or anthropogenic entrances in the Alambari river channel. Among the metals and bromide present in the waters of the Alambari river, there are significant correlations between Fe with Mn and Ti, Ni with Zn and Pb, Sr with Mn, Cu, Br and Rb, and Br with Cu and Cl. Piper’s diagram highlighted that the hydrochemical facies of rainwater and surface water are the same, that is, sodium bicarbonated. The water samples from the Alambari river were classified as sodium bicabonated (88% of the samples), sodium chloride (9%) and sodium mixed (3%, referring to the IL-02 sample). Gibbs’ boomerang diagrams suggest the dominant influence of the effects of dilution by rainwater on the hydrochemical composition of Alambari river waters. Dissolved oxygen and radon correlated significantly. Regarding the water quality of the Alambari river, the analyses of the physicochemical and hydrochemical parameters and organic compounds (BTEX) did not allowed to confirm an influence of the refinery in the studied waters.
This dissertation describes a hydrochemical study held on the Alambari river, which crosses the installations of the Henrique Lage Refinery (Revap - Petrobrás), in the São José dos Campos city, at eastern of São Paulo State, Brazil. The aim of this research was the hydrochemical characterization of the waters of the Alambari river to evaluate its quality, and the verification of the presence of domestic and/or industrial effluents and other environmental impacts caused as result of the refinery's activities. Two sampling campaigns were carried out, with the aim of collecting water samples from the Alambari River at 32 monitoring points. In addition, a rainwater sample was collected. Physical-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity and dissolved oxygen) were analyzed, as well as inorganic compounds (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, rubidium, strontium, chloride, bromide, sulfate, nitrate, silica, surfactants, tannin and lignin), heavy metals (iron, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, lead, titanium, vanadium, chromium, thorium and uranium), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved radon (222Rn) and organic compounds (BTEX), which provided a robust dataset for understanding the main processes related to changes in water quality. All samples analyzed exhibited a similar hydrochemical pattern, except for IL-02, which showed different values for most of the analyzed parameters. At this monitoring point, the composition may be related to an excessive contribution of domestic effluents evidenced by its high content of surfactants and by sewage effluents, as indicated by its higher concentration of chloride and nitrate. A relationship has been found between EC and TDS, as often described elsewhere. Sodium and chloride were the dominant ions that justified the EC-TDS relationship. In addition, both EC and TDS also correlated significantly with alkalinity. Rainwater is depleted in the dissolved constituents in relation to the river waters, which is acquired during rain interactions with the soil coverings/rock surfaces or anthropogenic entrances in the Alambari river channel. Among the metals and bromide present in the waters of the Alambari river, there are significant correlations between Fe with Mn and Ti, Ni with Zn and Pb, Sr with Mn, Cu, Br and Rb, and Br with Cu and Cl. Piper’s diagram highlighted that the hydrochemical facies of rainwater and surface water are the same, that is, sodium bicarbonated. The water samples from the Alambari river were classified as sodium bicabonated (88% of the samples), sodium chloride (9%) and sodium mixed (3%, referring to the IL-02 sample). Gibbs’ boomerang diagrams suggest the dominant influence of the effects of dilution by rainwater on the hydrochemical composition of Alambari river waters. Dissolved oxygen and radon correlated significantly. Regarding the water quality of the Alambari river, the analyses of the physicochemical and hydrochemical parameters and organic compounds (BTEX) did not allowed to confirm an influence of the refinery in the studied waters.
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Palavras-chave
Hidroquímica, Águas superficiais, Parâmetros hidroquímicos, Rio Alambari, Refinaria de petróleo, Águas pluviais, Bacia do rio Paraíba do Sul, São José dos Campos, Surface waters, Rainwater, Hydrochemical parameters, Oil refinery, Alambari river, Paraíba do Sul river basin, São José dos Campos city