Avaliação da influência da hora do dia, anestesia e analgesia nos comportamentos espontâneos de dor após orquiectomia em cavalos
Data
2021-06-23
Autores
Trindade, Pedro Henrique Esteves
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas últimas duas décadas houve um crescente número de estudos empenhando esforços para diagnosticar a dor no Equus caballus ferus pela linguagem corporal. Entretanto, fatores de confusão ainda pouco esclarecidos ou não estudados podem estar dificultando a avaliação da dor em cavalos. Portanto, objetivou com a tese identificar comportamentos espontâneos de dor pós-orquiectomia em cavalos, independentemente dos efeitos da anestesia, analgesia e horário de registro do dia. No primeiro capítulo está apresentada uma introdução acerca da temática e uma breve revisão de literatura sobre a dinâmica da resposta comportamental diante do efeito residual de fármacos, interação com humano, horário do dia e intensidade da dor. Na segunda decomposição capitular está apresentado o estudo prospectivo e longitudinal. Vinte e quatro cavalos divididos em quatro grupos foram submetidos à: anestesia inalatória apenas (GA), ou combinada com analgesia prévia (GAA), orquiectomia sob analgesia pré (ACG) ou pós-operatória (GC). Os dados obtidos da subtração da frequência e / ou duração de 34 comportamentos registrados durante sete momentos de 60 minutos nas 24 horas após a anestesia daqueles registrados nos momentos espelhados nas 24 horas antes da anestesia (delta) foram comparados ao longo do tempo e entre os grupos pelos testes de Friedman e Kruskal-Wallis, respectivamente (p <0,05). A hora do dia influenciou os comportamentos de caminhar, olhar pela janela, descansar o membro pélvico e ficar parado. Os únicos comportamentos relacionados à dor encontrados foram beber, comer, olhar para a ferida, retrair o membro pélvico, expor o pênis e olhar para o fundo da baia considerando o delta. Em conclusão, os fatores de confusão podem influenciar vários comportamentos relacionados à dor documentados na literatura. No terceiro capítulo está apresentado as considerações finais das informações dos capítulos anteriores, evidenciando os benefícios práticos dos achados desta tese.
Over the past two decades there has been a growing number of studies making efforts to diagnose pain through body language in Equus caballus ferus. However, confounding factors that are still poorly understood or not studied may be making it difficult to assess pain in horses. Therefore, the current thesis aimed to identify spontaneous post-orchiectomy pain behaviors in horses, regardless of the effects of anesthesia, analgesia, and recording time of day. The first chapter presents an introduction to the subject and a brief literature review on the dynamics of the behavioral response to the residual effect of drugs, interactions with humans, time of day, and pain intensity. The second chapter presents the prospective and longitudinal study. Twenty-four horses divided into four groups were submitted to: inhalation anesthesia only (GA), or combined with previous analgesia (GAA), orchiectomy under pre (ACG) or postoperative (GC) analgesia. Data obtained by subtracting the frequency and/or duration of 34 behaviors recorded during seven 60-minute moments in the 24 hours after anesthesia from those recorded in the mirrored moments in the 24 hours before anesthesia (delta) were compared over time and between the groups by the Friedman and KruskalWallis tests, respectively (p < 0.05). The time of day influenced the behaviors of walking, looking out the window, resting the pelvic limb, and standing still. Considering the delta, the only pain-related behaviors found were drinking, eating, looking at the wound, retracting the pelvic limb, exposing the penis, and looking at the back of the stall. In conclusion, confounding factors can influence several pain-related behaviors documented in the literature. The third chapter presents the final considerations on the information from the previous chapters, highlighting the practical benefits of the findings of this thesis.
Over the past two decades there has been a growing number of studies making efforts to diagnose pain through body language in Equus caballus ferus. However, confounding factors that are still poorly understood or not studied may be making it difficult to assess pain in horses. Therefore, the current thesis aimed to identify spontaneous post-orchiectomy pain behaviors in horses, regardless of the effects of anesthesia, analgesia, and recording time of day. The first chapter presents an introduction to the subject and a brief literature review on the dynamics of the behavioral response to the residual effect of drugs, interactions with humans, time of day, and pain intensity. The second chapter presents the prospective and longitudinal study. Twenty-four horses divided into four groups were submitted to: inhalation anesthesia only (GA), or combined with previous analgesia (GAA), orchiectomy under pre (ACG) or postoperative (GC) analgesia. Data obtained by subtracting the frequency and/or duration of 34 behaviors recorded during seven 60-minute moments in the 24 hours after anesthesia from those recorded in the mirrored moments in the 24 hours before anesthesia (delta) were compared over time and between the groups by the Friedman and KruskalWallis tests, respectively (p < 0.05). The time of day influenced the behaviors of walking, looking out the window, resting the pelvic limb, and standing still. Considering the delta, the only pain-related behaviors found were drinking, eating, looking at the wound, retracting the pelvic limb, exposing the penis, and looking at the back of the stall. In conclusion, confounding factors can influence several pain-related behaviors documented in the literature. The third chapter presents the final considerations on the information from the previous chapters, highlighting the practical benefits of the findings of this thesis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Avaliação de dor, Bem-estar animal, Cavalos, Animal welfare, Horses, Pain measurement