Identidade pessoal e identidade de gênero na perspectiva da complexidade
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Data
2021-06-09
Autores
Lima, Júlia Rodrigues de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No presente trabalho investigamos o problema filosófico da identidade pessoal e problemas de identidade de gênero relacionados às questões da persistência identitária e da pessoalidade. Em um primeiro momento, analisamos o problema da identidade pessoal e as principais visões propostas para sua solução, que derivam de abordagens consideradas simples, ou não-reducionistas e abordagens complexas, ou reducionistas. Somada a essa análise, investigamos o conceito de pessoa em três etapas: por sua etimologia, seus critérios de identificação e, por fim, a partir de suas principais abordagens filosóficas, quais sejam, internalistas e externalistas. Ademais, também apresentamos dois temas que consideramos relevantes para serem acrescentados nas análises sobre identidade pessoal contemporâneas, que são os temas: (1) a emergência das identidades plurais no contexto da pósmodernidade e (2) o papel identitário da corporeidade, tendo em vista as teses da abordagem da Cognição Incorporada. Em seguida, na esteira da noção externalista de pessoa traçada por André Leclerc, propomos, ainda, uma abordagem externalista sistêmica de identidade pessoal a partir da hipótese (H1): a identidade da pessoa é uma rede complexa, dinâmica e relacional de fatores identitários biológicos/culturais, composta por traços socioculturais que são mantidos e/ou atualizados por meio parâmetros de ordem e parâmetros de controle, que envolvem processos auto-organizativos e hetero-organizativos. A partir da compreensão do gênero enquanto aspecto complexo da identidade da pessoa, investigamos problemas de identidade de gênero. Primeiramente, investigamos a visão tradicional de gênero, cuja estrutura é baseada em normas supostamente “inteligíveis” estritamente binárias, fundamentadas por teses dualistas ontológicas. Em seguida, analisamos algumas abordagens de estudos de gênero, de acordo com a história das três ondas do feminismo ocidental. A partir das teses de Anne Fausto-Sterling, Donna Haraway e Paul Preciado, especialmente com enfoque na tese do ciborgue de Donna Haraway, investigamos o corpo enquanto um sistema complexo e relacional, que interage com diversas tecnologias e que é marcado discursivamente dentro dos contextos científicos. Finalmente, considerando a tese da performatividade, analisamos os traços socioculturais da identidade de gênero, somada aos conceitos de parâmetros de ordem, parâmetros de controle e hetero-organização. Em especial, ressaltamos a capacidade auto-organizativa da pessoa para atualizar traços identitários de gênero, na contramão das normas do binarismo estrito.
In this work we investigate the philosophical problem of personal identity and problems of gender identity related to questions of identity persistence and person-ness. In a first moment, we analyze the problem of personal identity and the main views proposed for its solution, which stem from approaches considered simple or non-reductionist and complex or reductionist approaches. In addition to that analysis, we investigate the concept of person in three stages: from its etymology, its criteria of identification and, finally, from its main philosophical approaches, namely, the internalist and the externalist ones. Furthermore, we also present two subjects we consider relevant to be added to the contemporary analyses on personal identity, which are: (1) the emergence of plural identities in the context of post-modernity and (2) the indentitary role of bodiliness, bearing in mind the theses of the approach of Embodied Cognition. Following, in the wake of the externalist notion of person outlined by André Leclerc, we propose a systemic externalist approach of personal identity from the hypothesis (H1): the identity of a person is a complex, dynamic and relational network of biological/cultural factors, composed by sociocultural traits that are maintained and/or updated by means of order parameters and control parameters, which involve self-organizative and hetero-organizative processes. From the understanding of gender as complex aspect of a person’s identity, we investigate problems of gender identity. First, we investigate the traditional view of gender, whose structure is based on supposedly “intelligible” and strictly binary norms, grounded on dualist ontological theses. Following, we analyse some approaches of gender studies, according to the history of the three waves of western feminism. From the theses of Anne Fausto-Sterling, Donna Haraway and Paul Preciado, especially focused on the thesis of the cyborg by Donna Haraway, we investigate the body as a complex and relational system, which interacts with various technologies and which is discursively characterized in scientific contexts. Finally, considering the thesis of performativity, we analyse the sociocultural traits of gender identity, added to the concepts of order parameters, control parameters, and hetero-organization. Notably, we highlight the person’s self-organizative capacity to update identitary gender traits, contrarily to the norms of strict binarism.
In this work we investigate the philosophical problem of personal identity and problems of gender identity related to questions of identity persistence and person-ness. In a first moment, we analyze the problem of personal identity and the main views proposed for its solution, which stem from approaches considered simple or non-reductionist and complex or reductionist approaches. In addition to that analysis, we investigate the concept of person in three stages: from its etymology, its criteria of identification and, finally, from its main philosophical approaches, namely, the internalist and the externalist ones. Furthermore, we also present two subjects we consider relevant to be added to the contemporary analyses on personal identity, which are: (1) the emergence of plural identities in the context of post-modernity and (2) the indentitary role of bodiliness, bearing in mind the theses of the approach of Embodied Cognition. Following, in the wake of the externalist notion of person outlined by André Leclerc, we propose a systemic externalist approach of personal identity from the hypothesis (H1): the identity of a person is a complex, dynamic and relational network of biological/cultural factors, composed by sociocultural traits that are maintained and/or updated by means of order parameters and control parameters, which involve self-organizative and hetero-organizative processes. From the understanding of gender as complex aspect of a person’s identity, we investigate problems of gender identity. First, we investigate the traditional view of gender, whose structure is based on supposedly “intelligible” and strictly binary norms, grounded on dualist ontological theses. Following, we analyse some approaches of gender studies, according to the history of the three waves of western feminism. From the theses of Anne Fausto-Sterling, Donna Haraway and Paul Preciado, especially focused on the thesis of the cyborg by Donna Haraway, we investigate the body as a complex and relational system, which interacts with various technologies and which is discursively characterized in scientific contexts. Finally, considering the thesis of performativity, we analyse the sociocultural traits of gender identity, added to the concepts of order parameters, control parameters, and hetero-organization. Notably, we highlight the person’s self-organizative capacity to update identitary gender traits, contrarily to the norms of strict binarism.
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Palavras-chave
Identidade, Pessoa, Gênero, Complexidade, Auto-organização, Identity, Person, Gender, Complexity, Self-organization