A agroindústria cafeeira de Botucatu-SP: análise heurística da Fazenda Serra Negra
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Data
2021-06-21
Autores
Antunes, Beatriz Leite
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo industrial do café foi incentivado pelo incentivo à ferrovia, substituição da mão de obra escrava pelo trabalho livre imigrante e pelas políticas positivistas da proclamação da República. A configuração do território de Botucatu (urbano e rural) é resultado da influência exercida pela produção cafeeira paulista. Entende-se que o processo de urbanização da cidade ocorreu graças a articulação entre os serviços de comércio, saúde, educação e finanças, ocorridas no centro urbano, com a agroindústria cafeeira de Botucatu: as fazendas Monte Selvagem, Boa Esperança, Monte Alegre, Lageado e Serra Negra. A fazenda Serra Negra foi uma grande produtora de café durante o auge cafeeiro, e corresponde à um representativo patrimônio industrial no estado de São Paulo. Após a queda da produção cafeeira e do êxodo rural, algumas destas edificações foram ressignificadas e abandonadas, mesmo com o forte simbolismo de antigos moradores. A pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo agroindustrial cafeeiro do Município de Botucatu (contexto) e suas relações com a fazenda Serra Negra (texto), através dos cronotópos que marcaram sua trajetória: territorialização (1880 à 1950) e desterritorialização (1950 aos dias de hoje). A partir disso, propor a valorização do Patrimônio industrial da agroindústria cafeeira do Município de Botucatu, bem como a reterritorialização da Fazenda Serra Negra, com base no método Urbanismo Ambiental Hermenêutico. Os resultados apontam que o contexto foi fundamental para articulação e desarticulação da agroindústria com o centro urbano de Botucatu. A conservação das fazendas e a relação simbólica da população com as mesmas nos levou a uma proposta de valorização do patrimônio agroindustrial por meio da reconexão entre o espaço urbano (Botucatu) e rural (Fazenda Monte Alegre, Boa Esperança, Monte Selvagem, Lageado e Serra Negra) através da proposta da “Rota do Café”. Na reterritorialização da Fazenda Serra Negra (texto), como parte da Rota do café, são propostas a reabilitação e o restauro das 4 unidades ambientais identificadas: Casa-Sede, Casa dos Colonos, Plantação e Núcleo Industrial. Ao fim, conclui-se que a pesquisa contribuiu com os estudos sobre o método Urbanismo ambiental hermenêutico, auxiliando no desenvolvimento de ferramentas para identificação dos ambientes físicos, sociais e simbólicos dos sítios históricos; com a valorização do patrimônio agroindustrial e o incentivo às políticas de educação e cultura patrimonial.
The coffee industrial process was encouraged by railroad transportation policies, substitution of slave labor by immigrant labor, and by the positivist policies of the proclamation of the Republic. The configuration of Botucatu's territory (urban and rural) is the result of the influence exerted by the coffee production in São Paulo. It is understood that the urbanization process of the city occurred because of the articulation of services, commerce, health, education and finances which occurred in the urban center with the coffee agro-industry of Botucatu: the Monte Selvagem, Boa Esperança, Monte Alegre, Lageado and Serra Negra farms. The Serra Negra farm was a major producer during the peak of coffee and corresponds to a representative industrial heritage in the state of São Paulo. After the decline of the coffee and the rural exodus, some of these buildings were given new meaning and others, although preserved by the strong symbolism of the old residents, were abandoned. The research aims to analyze the coffee agro-industrial process in Botucatu (context) and its relations with the Serra Negra Farm (text), through the chronotopes that marked its trajectory: territorialization (1880 to 1950) and deterritorialization (1950 to the present day). From this, to propose the valorization of the industrial heritage of the coffee agro-industry in Botucatu, as well as the reterritorialization of the Serra Negra Farm, based on the Hermeneutic Environmental Urbanism method. The results show that the context was fundamental for the articulation and disarticulation of the agroindustry with the urban center of Botucatu. The conservation of the farms and the symbolic relationship of the population with them led us to propose the valorization of the agro-industrial heritage through the reconnection between the urban (Botucatu city) and rural (Monte Alegre, Boa Esperança, Monte Selvagem, Lageado and Serra Negra farms) spaces through the "Coffee Route" proposal. In the reterritorialization of the Serra Negra Farm (text), as part of the Coffee Route, the rehabilitation and restoration of the 4 identified environmental units are proposed: Workers House, Main House, Plantation and Industrial Nucleus. The research contributed: to the studies on the hermeneutic environmental urbanism method, helping in the development of tools for the identification of physical, social and symbolic environments of the historical sites; with the valorization of the agro-industrial heritage and the incentive to heritage education and culture policies
The coffee industrial process was encouraged by railroad transportation policies, substitution of slave labor by immigrant labor, and by the positivist policies of the proclamation of the Republic. The configuration of Botucatu's territory (urban and rural) is the result of the influence exerted by the coffee production in São Paulo. It is understood that the urbanization process of the city occurred because of the articulation of services, commerce, health, education and finances which occurred in the urban center with the coffee agro-industry of Botucatu: the Monte Selvagem, Boa Esperança, Monte Alegre, Lageado and Serra Negra farms. The Serra Negra farm was a major producer during the peak of coffee and corresponds to a representative industrial heritage in the state of São Paulo. After the decline of the coffee and the rural exodus, some of these buildings were given new meaning and others, although preserved by the strong symbolism of the old residents, were abandoned. The research aims to analyze the coffee agro-industrial process in Botucatu (context) and its relations with the Serra Negra Farm (text), through the chronotopes that marked its trajectory: territorialization (1880 to 1950) and deterritorialization (1950 to the present day). From this, to propose the valorization of the industrial heritage of the coffee agro-industry in Botucatu, as well as the reterritorialization of the Serra Negra Farm, based on the Hermeneutic Environmental Urbanism method. The results show that the context was fundamental for the articulation and disarticulation of the agroindustry with the urban center of Botucatu. The conservation of the farms and the symbolic relationship of the population with them led us to propose the valorization of the agro-industrial heritage through the reconnection between the urban (Botucatu city) and rural (Monte Alegre, Boa Esperança, Monte Selvagem, Lageado and Serra Negra farms) spaces through the "Coffee Route" proposal. In the reterritorialization of the Serra Negra Farm (text), as part of the Coffee Route, the rehabilitation and restoration of the 4 identified environmental units are proposed: Workers House, Main House, Plantation and Industrial Nucleus. The research contributed: to the studies on the hermeneutic environmental urbanism method, helping in the development of tools for the identification of physical, social and symbolic environments of the historical sites; with the valorization of the agro-industrial heritage and the incentive to heritage education and culture policies
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Palavras-chave
Agroindústria cafeeira, Serra Negra, Patrimônio industrial, Urbanismo Ambiental Hermenêutico, Botucatu, Coffee agroindustry, Industrial heritage, Hermeneutic environmental urbanism