Estudos agronômicos, diversidade química e genética de Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
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2021-06-18
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Justicia pectoralis é uma espécie medicinal nativa do Brasil, amplamente utilizada por comunidades tradicionais, conhecida como chambá, produz cumarina e umbeliferona as quais são responsáveis pelas atividades anti-inflamatórias, antiasmáticas e redução de edemas. A produção e acúmulo de cumarinas em plantas são influenciados por estádio de crescimento, fatores genéticos, ontogenéticos, sazonalidade, processo de secagem, entre outros. Considerando que a espécie J. pectoralis é utilizada amplamente no Brasil na produção de fitoterápicos, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar o efeito da época de colheita e rebrota quanto à produtividade de massa de parte aérea fresca e seca, teor de cumarinas nas partes aéreas, além de avaliar a variabilidade genética de indivíduos utilizados para fins medicinais. Os experimentos foram realizados em campo a partir de um único clone, o qual foi multiplicado por estacas. Os dados foram coletados a partir de plantas cultivadas por 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses e as colheitas das plantas que rebrotaram foram realizadas a cada três meses, ao longo de doze meses. As análises de quantificação e identificação das cumarinas foram realizadas utilizando CLAE (Cromatógrafo Liquido de Alta Eficiência) e CLUE (Cromatógrafo Liquido de Ultra Eficiência). A variabilidade genética foi avaliada por marcador molecular SCoT (Start Codon Targeted). Os resultados mostraram que a produção de cumarinas e desenvolvimento de J. pectoralis foi influenciada pela sazonalidade. A maior produtividade e teor de cumarina em plantas cultivadas por um ano ocorreu no verão, estação que apresentou maior índice pluviométrico. Quanto à análise genética, os 15 primers utilizados geraram 204 bandas, sendo 95 polimórficas. A similaridade genética entre os indivíduos foi de 75% e a análise por UPGMA agrupou os indivíduos em 3 grupos distintos. Além disto, houve a formação de três grupos gênicos. A altura da planta e o número de gemas foram as características morfométricas que mais contribuíram na diferenciação entre os genótipos avaliados. Quanto ao teor de cumarina e umbeliferona, os genótipos foram classificados em três grupos com teores alto, médio e baixo, e houve uma correlação positiva entre as cumarinas analisadas.
Justicia pectoralis is a medicinal specie native from Brazil, widely used by traditional communities, known as chambá, produces coumarin and umbelliferone, that are responsible for anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic and edema reduction activities. Coumarin production and accumulation in plants in general are influenced by growth stage, genetic, ontogenetic factors, seasonality, drying process, among others. Considering that the J. pectoralis species is widely used in Brazil in the production of herbal medicines, the objectives of this work were: to evaluate the effect of the harvest and regrowth time on fresh and dry aerial part mass yield, coumarins content present in the aerial parts, in addition to evaluating the genetic variability of individuals used for medicinal purposes, as well as the morphometric aspects and contents of coumarins. The experiments were carried out in the field with a single clone which was multiplied by cuttings. The data were collected from plants grown for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and the harvesting of the plants that sprouted was carried out every three months, by twelve months. The coumarin quantification and identification analyzes were performed by using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography). Genetic variability was assessed by a SCoT marker (Start Codon Targeted). The results showed that the coumarin production and development of J. pectoralis is influenced by seasonality. The highest productivity and coumarin content in plants cultivated for one year occurred in the summer, which is the season that showed the highest rainfall. As for genetic analysis, the 15 fifteen primers used generated 204 bands, 95 of which were polymorphic. The genetic similarity between the individuals was 75% and the UPGMA analysis grouped the individuals into 3 distinct groups. In addition, three gene groups were formed. The plant height and the budsnumber were the morphometric characteristics that most contributed to the differentiation between the evaluated genotypes. As for the content of coumarin and umbelliferone, the genotypes were classified into three groups with high, medium and low levels, and there was a positive correlation between the coumarins analyzed.
Justicia pectoralis is a medicinal specie native from Brazil, widely used by traditional communities, known as chambá, produces coumarin and umbelliferone, that are responsible for anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic and edema reduction activities. Coumarin production and accumulation in plants in general are influenced by growth stage, genetic, ontogenetic factors, seasonality, drying process, among others. Considering that the J. pectoralis species is widely used in Brazil in the production of herbal medicines, the objectives of this work were: to evaluate the effect of the harvest and regrowth time on fresh and dry aerial part mass yield, coumarins content present in the aerial parts, in addition to evaluating the genetic variability of individuals used for medicinal purposes, as well as the morphometric aspects and contents of coumarins. The experiments were carried out in the field with a single clone which was multiplied by cuttings. The data were collected from plants grown for 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and the harvesting of the plants that sprouted was carried out every three months, by twelve months. The coumarin quantification and identification analyzes were performed by using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) and UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography). Genetic variability was assessed by a SCoT marker (Start Codon Targeted). The results showed that the coumarin production and development of J. pectoralis is influenced by seasonality. The highest productivity and coumarin content in plants cultivated for one year occurred in the summer, which is the season that showed the highest rainfall. As for genetic analysis, the 15 fifteen primers used generated 204 bands, 95 of which were polymorphic. The genetic similarity between the individuals was 75% and the UPGMA analysis grouped the individuals into 3 distinct groups. In addition, three gene groups were formed. The plant height and the budsnumber were the morphometric characteristics that most contributed to the differentiation between the evaluated genotypes. As for the content of coumarin and umbelliferone, the genotypes were classified into three groups with high, medium and low levels, and there was a positive correlation between the coumarins analyzed.
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Plantas medicinais - Cultivo, Cumarina, Umbeliferona, Acanthaceae, Chambá, Medicinal plants, Coumarin, Molecular marker, Umbelliferone