Efeitos da detomidina ou dexmedetomidina sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e recuperação anestésica, em Tapirus terrestris anestesiadas com a associação cetamina, éter gliceril guaiacol e midazolam
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Data
2021-06-21
Autores
Aidar, Eveline Simões Azenha [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diferentes protocolos anestésicos, para procedimentos longos realizados a campo, ainda não estudados em tapirídeos, comparados com objetivo de estudar os efeitos destes fármacos na espécie e assim colaborar com manejo e conservação da espécie em questão. Os animais foram anestesiados com a administração de cetamina (1,5 mg/Kg) e midazolam (0,2 mg/Kg) associado a detomidina (0,04 mg/Kg ou dexmedetomidina (0,007 mg/Kg). As 16 antas empregadas no estudo foram distribuídas em dois grupos (n=8), os quais diferenciaram-se pela medicação da indução anestésica, determinandos grupo detomidina (DET); ou dexmedetomidina (DEX). Ato contínuo, a manutenção da anestesia foi realizada com infusão contínua de midazolam (0,1 mg/Kg/hora), cetamina (2 mg/Kg/hora) e éter gliceril guaiacol (100 mg/Kg/hora). Os animais permaneceram anestesiados por um total de 50 minutos para coleta de material biológico, registro dos parâmetros fisiológicos (Frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, saturação de oxihemoglobina, temperatura retal, pressão arterial média, cortisol e glicemia) e eletrocardiograma. As variáveis dos dois diferentes fármacos foram comparadas usando testes T ou de Wilcoxon. Comparações múltiplas entre os momentos foram avaliadas via modelo linear de efeitos mistos. No período pós anestésico, os valores dos parâmetros foram comparados em cada momento entre os dois diferentes fármacos via ANOVA. Os resultados demonstraram aumento inicial da pressão artéria média (PAM) com posterior redução; a temperatura retal reduziu gradativamente durante o tempo anestésico; a frequência cardíaca e a glicemia aumentaram ao longo do procedimento; o cortisol apresentou valores estatisticamente maiores no grupo DEX; e a saturação de oxihemoglobina ficou abaixo da normalidade durante todo procedimento. O grupo DEX apresentou tempo de recuperação anestésica maior que o grupo DET. Com base nos resultados foi possível concluir que, a associação de alfa-2 agonistas ao midazolam, cetamina e EGG demonstra ser um protocolo adequado e seguro para anestesia de antas, a campo, em procedimentos de duração moderada contudo o uso de oxigenioterapia é recomendado. Adicionalmente a dexmedetomidina apresentou menores efeitos cardiovasculares e sedação mais duradoura, quando comparada à detomidina.
Different anesthetic protocols, for long procedures performed in the field, not yet studied in tapirids, were put into practice and statistically compared in order to study the effects of these drugs on the species and thus collaborate with the management and conservation of the species in question. Anesthetized with the association of ketamine (1.5 mg/kg), midazolam (0.2 mg/kg), detomidine (0.04 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (0.007 mg/kg), 16 dolmens were distributed in two groups (n = 8), which were differentiated by the medication of the anesthetic induction determining the following groups: detomidine (DET); or dexmedetomidine (DEX). Anesthesia was continuously maintained with continuous infusion of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg/hour), ketamine (2 mg /kg/hour) and glyceryl guaiacol ether (100 mg/kg/hour). The animals remained anesthetized for a total of 50 minutes to collect biological material, record physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, rectal temperature, mean arterial pressure, cortisol and blood glucose) and electrocardiogram. The variables of the two different drugs were compared using T or Wilcoxon tests. Multiple comparisons between the moments were evaluated using a mixed effects linear model. In the post-anesthetic period, the parameter values were compared at each moment between the two different drugs via ANOVA. The results showed an initial increase in mean artery pressure (MAP) with subsequent reduction; the rectal temperature gradually decreased during the anesthetic time; heart rate and blood glucose increased during the procedure; cortisol showed statistically higher values in the DEX group; and oxyhemoglobin saturation was below normal during the entire procedure. The DEX group had anesthetic recovery time longer than the DET group. Based on the results it was possible to conclude that the association of alpha2 agonists with midazolam, ketamine and EGG demonstrates to be an adequate and safe protocol for tapir anesthesia, in the field, in procedures of moderate duration. Additionally, dexmedetomidine showed less cardiovascular effects and longer lasting sedation, when compared to detomidine.
Different anesthetic protocols, for long procedures performed in the field, not yet studied in tapirids, were put into practice and statistically compared in order to study the effects of these drugs on the species and thus collaborate with the management and conservation of the species in question. Anesthetized with the association of ketamine (1.5 mg/kg), midazolam (0.2 mg/kg), detomidine (0.04 mg/kg) or dexmedetomidine (0.007 mg/kg), 16 dolmens were distributed in two groups (n = 8), which were differentiated by the medication of the anesthetic induction determining the following groups: detomidine (DET); or dexmedetomidine (DEX). Anesthesia was continuously maintained with continuous infusion of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg/hour), ketamine (2 mg /kg/hour) and glyceryl guaiacol ether (100 mg/kg/hour). The animals remained anesthetized for a total of 50 minutes to collect biological material, record physiological parameters (heart rate, respiratory rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, rectal temperature, mean arterial pressure, cortisol and blood glucose) and electrocardiogram. The variables of the two different drugs were compared using T or Wilcoxon tests. Multiple comparisons between the moments were evaluated using a mixed effects linear model. In the post-anesthetic period, the parameter values were compared at each moment between the two different drugs via ANOVA. The results showed an initial increase in mean artery pressure (MAP) with subsequent reduction; the rectal temperature gradually decreased during the anesthetic time; heart rate and blood glucose increased during the procedure; cortisol showed statistically higher values in the DEX group; and oxyhemoglobin saturation was below normal during the entire procedure. The DEX group had anesthetic recovery time longer than the DET group. Based on the results it was possible to conclude that the association of alpha2 agonists with midazolam, ketamine and EGG demonstrates to be an adequate and safe protocol for tapir anesthesia, in the field, in procedures of moderate duration. Additionally, dexmedetomidine showed less cardiovascular effects and longer lasting sedation, when compared to detomidine.
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Palavras-chave
Anta, Eletrocardiografia, Animais selvagens, Sedativos