Os óleos essenciais de Egletes viscosa (Asteraceae) e Lippia schaueriana (Verbenaceae) e seus potenciais efeitos sobre a biologia reprodutiva e a morfologia (órgão de Gené, ovário e singânglio) de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) e sobre o fígado e a tireoide de camundongos Mus musculus a eles expostos
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Data
2021-08-03
Autores
Pereira, Melissa Carolina [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os dados obtidos no presente trabalho comprovam o potencial acaricida dos óleos essenciais (OEs) de Egletes viscosa Less. e Lippia schaueriana Mart., nas concentrações de 12.5, 25 e 50 mg/mL, em fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato-do-cão Rhiphicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s. l.). Ambos os OEs obtiveram um rendimento de 1.2% v/m e as análises químicas identificaram 27 componentes presentes em E. viscosa e 18 em L. schaueriana, sendo seus componentes majoritários o acetato de cis-isopinocarveíla (68.41%) e o óxido de piperitenona (64.36%), respectivamente. Estes compostos foram capazes de provocar alterações nas taxas de oviposição e viabilidade dos ovos nas concentrações de 25 e 50 mg/mL. O percentual de controle de E. viscosa foi de 58.9%, 70.8% e 92.7% nas concentrações de 12.5, 25 e 50 mg/mL, respectivamente. Nas mesmas concentrações, a eficácia de L. schaueriana foi de 39.3%, 53.4% e 84.6%. Ambos os OEs, em todas as concentrações e de maneira dose-dependente, provocaram severas alterações na morfologia dos ovos produzidos pelas fêmeas a eles expostas (ressecamento, escurecimento e desagregação). Quando expostas as concentrações de 12.5, 25 e 50 mg/mL dos OEs de E. viscosa e L. schaueriana, as fêmeas ingurgitadas mostraram alterações morfológicas nas glândulas tubulares e acessórias do órgão de Gené, sobretudo nas concentrações de 25 e 50 mg/mL, as quais induziram degeneração neste órgão. Os ovócitos das fêmeas aqui estudadas quando expostas as diferentes concentrações dos óleos também sofreram extensas alterações, sendo a exposição ao OE de L. schaueriana mais agressiva nos ovócitos em estágios iniciais (I a III) enquanto que todas as concentrações do OE de E. viscosa foram capazes de causar intensos danos aos ovócitos de I a V e ambos foram capazes de interferir na dinâmica da vitelogênese. Os OEs de E. viscosa e L. schaueriana apresentaram potencial altamente neurotóxico, visto que foram capazes de causar em todas as concentrações subletais aqui testadas a degeneração do tecido nervoso e de maneira dose-dependente. Ainda, os óleos aqui estudados provocaram severos danos tanto no tecido hepático quanto no tireoideano dos camundongos a eles expostos, na concentração de 50 mg/mL, induzindo degeneração em ambos os tecidos, danos estes que certamente prejudicaram a fisiologia destes órgãos.
The data obtained in this study confirmed the acaricidal potential of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Egletes viscosa Less. and Lippia schaueriana Mart. at the concentrations of 12.5, 25 e 50 mg/mL against the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s. l.) engorged females. The yield of both oils was 1.2% v/m and the analyses identified 27 components in E. viscosa and 18 in L. schaueriana, whose major compounds was cis-isopinocarveyl acetate (68.41%) and piperitenone oxide (64.36%), respectively. Both EOs reduced significantly (p<0.05) oviposition and the eggs viability at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/mL. The control percentages of the E. viscosa oil were 58.9%, 70.8% and 92.7% at the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. In the same concentrations, the efficacy of L. schaueriana was 39.3%, 53.4% and 84.6%. The eggs produced by the females exposed to all concentrations of the EOs presented several morphological alterations (dehydrated, darkened and disaggregated aspect). The engorged females exposed to the oils showed severe alterations in Gene’s organ, both in the tubular and accessory glands, especially at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/mL, which induced this organ’s degeneration. When exposed to EOs sublethal concentrations, the oocytes of the engorged females studied here also underwent extensive changes, with exposure to the EO of L. schaueriana being more agressive in early stages oocytes (I - III) while all concentrations of the EO of E. viscosa were able to cause intense damage to oocytes I to V. Both EOs interfered in the dynamics of vitellogenesis. The EOs of E. viscosa and L. schaueriana presented highly neurotoxic potential, since they were able to induce degeneration in the nervous tissue at all concentrations analysed and in dose-dependent maner. Furthermore, the oils studied here caused great damage to the liver and thyroid of mice exposed to the concentration of 50 mg/mL, inducing degeneration in both tissues to such an extent that they certainly harmed the physiology of these organs.
The data obtained in this study confirmed the acaricidal potential of essential oils (EOs) extracted from Egletes viscosa Less. and Lippia schaueriana Mart. at the concentrations of 12.5, 25 e 50 mg/mL against the brown dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s. l.) engorged females. The yield of both oils was 1.2% v/m and the analyses identified 27 components in E. viscosa and 18 in L. schaueriana, whose major compounds was cis-isopinocarveyl acetate (68.41%) and piperitenone oxide (64.36%), respectively. Both EOs reduced significantly (p<0.05) oviposition and the eggs viability at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/mL. The control percentages of the E. viscosa oil were 58.9%, 70.8% and 92.7% at the concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. In the same concentrations, the efficacy of L. schaueriana was 39.3%, 53.4% and 84.6%. The eggs produced by the females exposed to all concentrations of the EOs presented several morphological alterations (dehydrated, darkened and disaggregated aspect). The engorged females exposed to the oils showed severe alterations in Gene’s organ, both in the tubular and accessory glands, especially at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/mL, which induced this organ’s degeneration. When exposed to EOs sublethal concentrations, the oocytes of the engorged females studied here also underwent extensive changes, with exposure to the EO of L. schaueriana being more agressive in early stages oocytes (I - III) while all concentrations of the EO of E. viscosa were able to cause intense damage to oocytes I to V. Both EOs interfered in the dynamics of vitellogenesis. The EOs of E. viscosa and L. schaueriana presented highly neurotoxic potential, since they were able to induce degeneration in the nervous tissue at all concentrations analysed and in dose-dependent maner. Furthermore, the oils studied here caused great damage to the liver and thyroid of mice exposed to the concentration of 50 mg/mL, inducing degeneration in both tissues to such an extent that they certainly harmed the physiology of these organs.
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Palavras-chave
Controle natural, Morfologia, Ectoparasitas, Macela-da-terra, Lipia-da-serra, Toxicidade, Natural control, Toxicity, Morphology, Ectoparasites