Políticas públicas federais e estaduais para prevenção e contenção ao bullying e cyberbullying no Brasil após a promulgação da lei federal 13.185/2015
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Data
2021-07-30
Autores
Zafani, Gelci Saffiotte
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa teve como foco realizar um levantamento bibliográfico e uma análise documental sobre quais são as políticas públicas federais e estaduais implantadas para prevenção e contenção do bullying e cyberbullying no Brasil, após a promulgação da Lei Federal 13.185/15, que institui o Programa de Combate à Intimidação Sistemática (bullying) em território nacional, evidenciando, dessa forma, quais ações, projetos e programas estão sendo desenvolvidos pelo Estado e estados para garantir e colocar em prática os direitos das crianças e adolescentes. Os objetivos específicos foram: a) estudar as bibliografias atuais no que diz respeito à prevenção e à contenção do bullying e cyberbullying; b) elaborar estudo científico que colabore com as esferas públicas sobre implantações de programas de combate ao bullying e cyberbullying baseados em referenciais teóricos do campo da psicologia moral. A metodologia utilizada para a pesquisa consistiu no levantamento bibliográfico e na análise documental das ações, projetos e programas enviados por e-mail pelas Secretarias Estaduais de Educação. Obteve-se resposta de apenas 8, dentre as 27 Secretarias de Estado de Educação do Brasil, e, pela análise desses documentos, pôde-se notar que a maioria dos estados ainda não seguem a Lei Federal 13.185/2015. Apesar de se referirem a ela, muitos não possuem programa estruturado específico para ações antibullying ou de convivência ética, além de a maioria possuir poucas estratégias sólidas e de conhecimento científico para ações de Diagnose, Prevenção e Conscientização, Combate e Avaliação. É preciso avaliar as interfaces que a problemática apresenta no contexto de cada instituição, quais valores expressos e ocultos permeiam a comunidade e propor ações sistemáticas e não pontuais, pautadas em referenciais científicos, preocupando-se, dessa forma, com uma educação integral baseada no desenvolvimento de valores morais, na construção de uma convivência ética e democrática, que estimule a relação dialógica entre todos os membros da escola, favorecendo o protagonismo dos estudantes, a capacitação de docentes e demais membros escolares. Também se faz necessária a incorporação de mecanismos de denúncia de fácil acesso e a formação de uma rede sólida de apoio que possa acolher tanto os alvos como quem pratica o bullying, concebendo-o como um problema de saúde pública.
This research focused on conducting a bibliographic survey and a documental analysis on what are the federal and state public policies implemented for the prevention and containment of bullying and cyberbullying in Brazil, after the enactment of Federal Law 13,185/15, which institutes the Combat Program to Systematic Intimidation (bullying) in the national territory, thus showing which actions, projects and programs are being developed by the State and States to guarantee and put into practice the rights of children and adolescents. The specific objectives were: a) to study current bibliographies regarding the prevention and containment of bullying and cyberbullying; b) prepare a scientific study that collaborates with public spheres on the implementation of programs to combat bullying and cyberbullying based on theoretical references in the field of moral psychology. The methodology used for the research consisted of a bibliographic survey and a documental analysis of the actions, projects and programs sent by e-mail by the State Departments of Education. Only 8 of the 27 State Departments of Education in Brazil responded, and by analyzing these documents, it could be noted that most states still do not follow Federal Law 13,185/2015. Despite referring to it, many do not have a specific structured program for anti-bullying actions or ethical coexistence, and most have few solid strategies and scientific knowledge for Diagnosis, Prevention and Awareness, Combat and Evaluation actions. It is necessary to evaluate the interfaces that the problem presents in the context of each institution, which expressed and hidden values permeate the community and propose systematic and non-punctual actions, based on scientific references, thus concerned with integral education based on development of moral values, in the construction of an ethical and democratic coexistence, which encourages a dialogical relationship between all members of the school, favoring the protagonism of students, the training of teachers and other school members. It is also necessary to incorporate easily accessible reporting mechanisms and the formation of a solid support network that can accommodate both the targets and those who practice bullying, conceiving it as a public health problem.
This research focused on conducting a bibliographic survey and a documental analysis on what are the federal and state public policies implemented for the prevention and containment of bullying and cyberbullying in Brazil, after the enactment of Federal Law 13,185/15, which institutes the Combat Program to Systematic Intimidation (bullying) in the national territory, thus showing which actions, projects and programs are being developed by the State and States to guarantee and put into practice the rights of children and adolescents. The specific objectives were: a) to study current bibliographies regarding the prevention and containment of bullying and cyberbullying; b) prepare a scientific study that collaborates with public spheres on the implementation of programs to combat bullying and cyberbullying based on theoretical references in the field of moral psychology. The methodology used for the research consisted of a bibliographic survey and a documental analysis of the actions, projects and programs sent by e-mail by the State Departments of Education. Only 8 of the 27 State Departments of Education in Brazil responded, and by analyzing these documents, it could be noted that most states still do not follow Federal Law 13,185/2015. Despite referring to it, many do not have a specific structured program for anti-bullying actions or ethical coexistence, and most have few solid strategies and scientific knowledge for Diagnosis, Prevention and Awareness, Combat and Evaluation actions. It is necessary to evaluate the interfaces that the problem presents in the context of each institution, which expressed and hidden values permeate the community and propose systematic and non-punctual actions, based on scientific references, thus concerned with integral education based on development of moral values, in the construction of an ethical and democratic coexistence, which encourages a dialogical relationship between all members of the school, favoring the protagonism of students, the training of teachers and other school members. It is also necessary to incorporate easily accessible reporting mechanisms and the formation of a solid support network that can accommodate both the targets and those who practice bullying, conceiving it as a public health problem.
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Palavras-chave
Psicologia moral, Políticas públicas, Bullying, Cyberbullying, Moral psychology, Public policy