Planejamento de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica incluindo estações de carregamento de veículos elétricos e fontes renováveis de geração distribuída
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Data
2021-07-07
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho apresentam-se duas propostas para abordar o problema de planejamento de médio prazo de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica, incluindo estações de carregamento de veículos elétricos, fontes renováveis de geração distribuída e limite de emissões de CO2. Ambas as propostas atendem a objetivos diferentes e levam em consideração diferentes opções de investimento. A primeira proposta consiste em uma abordagem de planejamento centralizado onde, independente do proprietário das estações de carregamento e das fontes de geração distribuída, a distribuidora decide todos os investimentos a serem realizados. A segunda proposta consiste em uma abordagem de planejamento multiobjetivo onde se considera que as estações de carregamento são de propriedade de um agente privado. Portanto, os interesses econômicos de ambos os proprietários são tratados separadamente. Os perfis de demanda dos veículos elétricos são calculados usando um algoritmo de decisão de carregamento, que é baseado em padrões de viagens reais, e que considera simultaneamente, carregadores rápidos, lentos, residenciais e estações de troca de baterias para os veículos elétricos. Por outro lado, as incertezas associadas ao problema de planejamento são abordadas através da otimização estocástica baseada em cenários. As formulações matemáticas de ambas as propostas correspondem a modelos de programação não lineares inteiros mistos não convexos. Portanto, essas formulações são manipuladas algebricamente para torna-las modelos de programação linear inteira mista. Os modelos matemáticos resultantes são implementados na linguagem de programação matemática AMPL e resolvidos usando o solver CPLEX. Para analisar e avaliar a efetividade e aplicabilidade das propostas, dois sistemas de distribuição de 69 e 134 nós são utilizados para executar testes. Os resultados numéricos dos diferentes casos de estudo demostram a aplicabilidade e escalabilidade das metodologias propostas.
Two proposals are presented in this work to address the problem of medium-term planning of electric energy distribution systems, including electric vehicle charging stations, renewable distributed generation sources, and CO2 emission limits. Both proposals have different goals and take into account different investment options. The first method consists of a centralized planning approach where, regardless of the owner of charging stations and the owner of distributed generation sources, the distribution company has total autonomy to decide all the investment actions to be carried out. The second method consists of a multi-objective planning approach where it is considered that the charging stations are owned by an agent outside the distribution company. Therefore, the economic interests of both owners are treated separately. For both methods, the demand profiles of electric vehicle are determined using a travel simulation algorithm based on real travel trends, which simultaneously considers fast, slow, residential chargers, as well as battery exchange stations for electric vehicles. On the other hand, the uncertainties, such as electricity demand, price of energy purchased on the sub-transmission network, solar irradiation, wind speed, adoption rate and demand profiles for electric vehicles, are addressed through scenario-based stochastic optimization. Both proposals' mathematical formulations correspond to non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming models. Therefore, these formulations are algebraically manipulated to obtain mixed-integer linear programming models. The resulting mathematical models are written in the AMPL programming language and solved using the CPLEX solver. Two distribution systems with 69 and 134 nodes are used to run tests to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposals. The numerical results of the various case studies show that the proposed methodologies are applicable and scalable.
Two proposals are presented in this work to address the problem of medium-term planning of electric energy distribution systems, including electric vehicle charging stations, renewable distributed generation sources, and CO2 emission limits. Both proposals have different goals and take into account different investment options. The first method consists of a centralized planning approach where, regardless of the owner of charging stations and the owner of distributed generation sources, the distribution company has total autonomy to decide all the investment actions to be carried out. The second method consists of a multi-objective planning approach where it is considered that the charging stations are owned by an agent outside the distribution company. Therefore, the economic interests of both owners are treated separately. For both methods, the demand profiles of electric vehicle are determined using a travel simulation algorithm based on real travel trends, which simultaneously considers fast, slow, residential chargers, as well as battery exchange stations for electric vehicles. On the other hand, the uncertainties, such as electricity demand, price of energy purchased on the sub-transmission network, solar irradiation, wind speed, adoption rate and demand profiles for electric vehicles, are addressed through scenario-based stochastic optimization. Both proposals' mathematical formulations correspond to non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming models. Therefore, these formulations are algebraically manipulated to obtain mixed-integer linear programming models. The resulting mathematical models are written in the AMPL programming language and solved using the CPLEX solver. Two distribution systems with 69 and 134 nodes are used to run tests to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposals. The numerical results of the various case studies show that the proposed methodologies are applicable and scalable.
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Estações de carregamento de veículos elétricos, Fontes renováveis de geração distribuída, Planejamento de sistemas de distribuição, Otimização multiobjectivo, Veículos elétricos, Electric vehicle charging stations, Distributed generation renewable sources, Distribution system planning, Multi-objective optimization, Electric vehicles