Narrativas de Brasil sob o influxo das formulações nietzschianas no início do século XX: Elysio de Carvalho e Nestor Vitor
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Data
2021-08-20
Autores
Soares, Thais Gonsales
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A imprensa brasileira passou a publicar, a partir do final do século XIX, textos sobre a filosofia nietzschiana em diversos formatos, como artigos, ensaios, poesias, entre outros. Desde então, a repercussão das produções do e sobre o filósofo alemão tornou-se expressiva no Brasil e suas formulações foram apropriadas por diferentes grupos. Contudo, apesar do crescimento dessa repercussão, há poucos estudos relacionados à recepção e a apropriação de suas ideias no cenário nacional. Nesse sentido, esta tese buscou investigar a recepção das formulações nietzschianas e como tais formulações foram apropriadas por dois intelectuais brasileiros comprometidos com o pensar sobre o Brasil e sua produção cultural na modernidade: Elysio de Carvalho (1880-1925) e Nestor Vitor (1868-1932). Quanto à produção de Elysio de Carvalho, a análise ocupou-se das obras de história do Brasil, com destaque para Esplendor e decadência da sociedade brasileira (1911), Brava gente (1921) e Os bastiões da nacionalidade (1922). Nestor Vitor teve uma considerável produção de cartas e artigos em jornais e revistas, poemas, ensaios, romances e novelas, mas foi principalmente devido a suas obras de crítica literária que sua produção se tornou notória. Foi também em seus textos como crítico que se identificou indícios da apropriação das formulações nietzschianas, de modo que essa produção foi o objeto privilegiado nesta tese. Assim, priorizou-se a escrita da história e a crítica literária como gêneros para análise da recepção das formulações nietzschianas no cenário nacional e na produção de ambos, identificou-se a construção de distintas narrativas de Brasil. Nas obras de Carvalho, evidenciou-se a elaboração de tramas que articularam passado-presente-futuro enunciando um Brasil constituído pelos elementos da latinidade e com a valorização da concepção dionisíaca da vida – identificados como apropriações de formulações elaboradas por Nietzsche. Ainda em sua obra, um passado como utopia foi apresentado a partir da construção de uma narrativa histórica que, na perspectiva nietzschiana, se evidenciaria como uma história monumental. Sob outra perspectiva se apresentou Vitor, que, como um psicólogo da sociedade – tal como Nietzsche o propôs –, dedicou-se à caracterização da psique do brasileiro. Para o crítico literário, a constituição de um projeto de futuro para a nação seria possível apenas a partir da inscrição dos “decaídos, humilhados e refugados” à história do Brasil, propondo assim, na perspectiva nietzschiana, uma história crítica.
The Brazilian press began to publish, from the end of the 19th century, texts on Nietzsche's philosophy in various formats, such as articles, essays, poetry, among others. Since then, the repercussion of the productions of and on the german philosopher has become significant in Brazil and his formulations have been appropriated by different groups. Nevertheless, in spite of the growth of this repercussion, there are few studies related to the reception and appropriation of their ideas on the national scene. In that regard, this thesis sought to investigate the reception of Nietzsche's formulations and how such formulations were appropriated by two Brazilian intellectuals committed to thinking about Brazil and its cultural production in modernity: Elysio de Carvalho (1880-1925) and Nestor Vitor (1868- 1932). Regarding to the production of Elysio de Carvalho, the analysis focused on works on the history of Brazil, with emphasis on the Esplendor e decadência da sociedade brasileira (1911), Brava gente (1921) e Os bastiões da nacionalidade (1922). Nestor Vitor had a considerable production of letters and articles in newspapers and magazines, poems, essas, novels and short novels, but it was mainly due to his works of literary criticism that his production became notorious. It was also in his texts as a critic that evidence of the appropriation of Nietzsche's formulations was identified, so as to this production was the privileged object in this thesis. Therefore, the writing of history and the literary criticism were prioritized as genres for the analysis of the reception of Nietzsche's formulations on the national scene and in the production of both, the construction of different narratives in Brazil was identified. In Carvalho's works, the construction of plots that articulated past-present-future was evidenced, enunciating a Brazil constituted by the elements of Latinity and with the valorization of the Dionysian conception of life – identified as appropriations of formulations elaborated by Nietzsche. Also in his work, a past as utopia was presented based on the construction of a historical narrative that, from the Nietzschean perspective, would be evidenced as an monumental history. From another perspective, Vitor was introduced, that, as a psychologist of society – as Nietzsche proposed him – dedicated himself to the characterization of the Brazilian psyche. For the literary critic, the constitution of a project for the future for the nation would only be possible after the enrollment of the “fallen, humiliated and refugees” in the history of Brazil, proposing, from the Nietzschean perspective, a critical history.
La presse brésilienne a commencé à publier, à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, des textes sur la philosophie de Nietzsche en divers formats, tels que des articles, des essais, de la poésie, entre autres. Depuis lors, la répercussion des productions du et sur le philosophe allemand est devenue rèpercussion au Brésil et ses formulations ont été appropriées par différents groupes. Cependant, malgré la croissance de cette répercussion, il existe peu d'études sur la réception et l'appropriation de leurs idées dans la scène nationale. En ce sens, cette thèse à étudier la réception des formulations de Nietzsche et comment ces formulations ont été appropriées par deux intellectuels brésiliens engagés à penser le Brésil et sa production culturelle dans la modernité: Elysio de Carvalho (1880-1925) et Nestor Vitor (1868- 1932). Quant à la production d'Elysio de Carvalho, l'analyse s'est concentrée sur des travaux sur l'histoire du Brésil, en mettant l'accent sur l’ œuvres Esplendor e decadência da sociedade brasileira (1911), Brava gente (1921) et Os bastiões da nacionalidade (1922). Nestor Vitor a eu une production considérable de lettres et d'articles dans les journaux et magazines, de poèmes, d'essais, de romans, mais c'est principalement pour ses œuvres de critique littéraire que sa production est devenue notoire. C'est aussi dans ses textes de critique qu'ont été identifiés l'appropriation des formulations de Nietzsche, si bien que cette production a été l'objet privilégié de cette thèse. Ainsi, nous avons priorisé l'écriture de l'histoire et la critique littéraire en tant que genres pour analyser la réception des formulations de Nietzsche sur la scène nationale et dans la production des deux, en identifiant la construction de différents récits au Brésil. Dans les œuvres de Carvalho, l'élaboration d'intrigues qui articulaient passé-présent-futur était évidente, énonçant un Brésil constitué par les éléments de latinité, avec la valorisation de la conception dionysiaque de la vie – identifiée comme des appropriations de formulations de Nietzsche. Dans son travail, un passé comme utopie a été présenté sur la base de la construction d'un récit historique qui, du point de vue nietzschéen, serait comme une histoire antiquaire. Vitor a été présenté différemment, en tant que psychologue de la société – comme l'a proposé Nietzsche – et s'est consacré à la caractérisation de la psyché brésilienne. Pour le critique littéraire, la constitution d'un projet d'avenir pour la nation ne serait possible qu'après l'inscription des « déchus, humiliés et réfugiés » dans l'histoire du Brésil, proposant ainsi, dans la perspective nietzschéenne, une histoire critique.
The Brazilian press began to publish, from the end of the 19th century, texts on Nietzsche's philosophy in various formats, such as articles, essays, poetry, among others. Since then, the repercussion of the productions of and on the german philosopher has become significant in Brazil and his formulations have been appropriated by different groups. Nevertheless, in spite of the growth of this repercussion, there are few studies related to the reception and appropriation of their ideas on the national scene. In that regard, this thesis sought to investigate the reception of Nietzsche's formulations and how such formulations were appropriated by two Brazilian intellectuals committed to thinking about Brazil and its cultural production in modernity: Elysio de Carvalho (1880-1925) and Nestor Vitor (1868- 1932). Regarding to the production of Elysio de Carvalho, the analysis focused on works on the history of Brazil, with emphasis on the Esplendor e decadência da sociedade brasileira (1911), Brava gente (1921) e Os bastiões da nacionalidade (1922). Nestor Vitor had a considerable production of letters and articles in newspapers and magazines, poems, essas, novels and short novels, but it was mainly due to his works of literary criticism that his production became notorious. It was also in his texts as a critic that evidence of the appropriation of Nietzsche's formulations was identified, so as to this production was the privileged object in this thesis. Therefore, the writing of history and the literary criticism were prioritized as genres for the analysis of the reception of Nietzsche's formulations on the national scene and in the production of both, the construction of different narratives in Brazil was identified. In Carvalho's works, the construction of plots that articulated past-present-future was evidenced, enunciating a Brazil constituted by the elements of Latinity and with the valorization of the Dionysian conception of life – identified as appropriations of formulations elaborated by Nietzsche. Also in his work, a past as utopia was presented based on the construction of a historical narrative that, from the Nietzschean perspective, would be evidenced as an monumental history. From another perspective, Vitor was introduced, that, as a psychologist of society – as Nietzsche proposed him – dedicated himself to the characterization of the Brazilian psyche. For the literary critic, the constitution of a project for the future for the nation would only be possible after the enrollment of the “fallen, humiliated and refugees” in the history of Brazil, proposing, from the Nietzschean perspective, a critical history.
La presse brésilienne a commencé à publier, à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, des textes sur la philosophie de Nietzsche en divers formats, tels que des articles, des essais, de la poésie, entre autres. Depuis lors, la répercussion des productions du et sur le philosophe allemand est devenue rèpercussion au Brésil et ses formulations ont été appropriées par différents groupes. Cependant, malgré la croissance de cette répercussion, il existe peu d'études sur la réception et l'appropriation de leurs idées dans la scène nationale. En ce sens, cette thèse à étudier la réception des formulations de Nietzsche et comment ces formulations ont été appropriées par deux intellectuels brésiliens engagés à penser le Brésil et sa production culturelle dans la modernité: Elysio de Carvalho (1880-1925) et Nestor Vitor (1868- 1932). Quant à la production d'Elysio de Carvalho, l'analyse s'est concentrée sur des travaux sur l'histoire du Brésil, en mettant l'accent sur l’ œuvres Esplendor e decadência da sociedade brasileira (1911), Brava gente (1921) et Os bastiões da nacionalidade (1922). Nestor Vitor a eu une production considérable de lettres et d'articles dans les journaux et magazines, de poèmes, d'essais, de romans, mais c'est principalement pour ses œuvres de critique littéraire que sa production est devenue notoire. C'est aussi dans ses textes de critique qu'ont été identifiés l'appropriation des formulations de Nietzsche, si bien que cette production a été l'objet privilégié de cette thèse. Ainsi, nous avons priorisé l'écriture de l'histoire et la critique littéraire en tant que genres pour analyser la réception des formulations de Nietzsche sur la scène nationale et dans la production des deux, en identifiant la construction de différents récits au Brésil. Dans les œuvres de Carvalho, l'élaboration d'intrigues qui articulaient passé-présent-futur était évidente, énonçant un Brésil constitué par les éléments de latinité, avec la valorisation de la conception dionysiaque de la vie – identifiée comme des appropriations de formulations de Nietzsche. Dans son travail, un passé comme utopie a été présenté sur la base de la construction d'un récit historique qui, du point de vue nietzschéen, serait comme une histoire antiquaire. Vitor a été présenté différemment, en tant que psychologue de la société – comme l'a proposé Nietzsche – et s'est consacré à la caractérisation de la psyché brésilienne. Pour le critique littéraire, la constitution d'un projet d'avenir pour la nation ne serait possible qu'après l'inscription des « déchus, humiliés et réfugiés » dans l'histoire du Brésil, proposant ainsi, dans la perspective nietzschéenne, une histoire critique.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Narrativas de Brasil, Elysio de Carvalho, Nestor Vitor, Friedrich Nietzsche, Narratives of Brazil, Récits du Brésil