Vozes que não querem calar: violência colonial e estratégias de enfrentamento da mulher indígena
Carregando...
Data
2021-09-27
Autores
Micheletto, Julia Pizardo
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa analisa a mulher indígena e os contextos de violência colonial aos quais foi submetida, assim como suas estratégias para enfrentá-las. Tendo em vista a dispersão dos dados sobre um tema ainda pouco trabalhado historiograficamente, o tema foi enquadrado em extensa periodização que se estendeu nos séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII. A investigação sobre o índio na história do Brasil avançou muito nos últimos trinta anos e já existe um debate consolidado que derrubou antigas teses, como a da extinção, do desaparecimento e da sua assimilação ou aculturação à sociedade colonial. Mas a abordagem de gênero deste tema ainda é inicial, destacando-se a contribuição de poucos investigadores. Apoiada em dados levantados em fontes secundárias, nas mitologias indígenas, em narrativas de padres de ordens religiosas e documentação do Conselho Ultramarino, foi verificado que a violência vivenciada pela mulher indígena no meio étnico, explicada à luz das obrigações morais do grupo, sofreu interferência do processo da colonização. A presença do colonizador submeteu a mulher a novas demandas de trabalho e à conversão, ambas desviantes das suas obrigações morais nos grupos étnicos. Diante disso a mulher se deparou com um duplo cenário de violência: a do grupo étnico, quando não cumpria seus papéis e regras sociais; e a do contexto colonial, que tanto provinha do grupo como da relação com o colonizador. Entretanto, em ambos cenários a mulher indígena encontrou mecanismos de agência para driblar a violência a qual essas mulheres historicamente sempre estiveram submetidas.
This research analyzes indigenous women and the contexts of colonial violence to which they were exposed, as well as their coping strategies to tackle these contexts. Bearing in mind the data dispersion related to this still underdeveloped historiographical subject area, this work’s thesis was conceived through extensive periodization, which includes the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The investigation about the role of the natives in Brazilian history has come a long way in the past thirty years and there already is a consolidated debate that has taken down old theses, such as the extinction one, the vanishment one and the ones of assimilation and acculturation of indigenous populations to the colonial society. However, the gender approach is still emerging in this subject area, with the exception of a few researchers’ contributions. Supported by data gathered through secondary sources, indigenous mythologies, narratives written by priests of religious orders and Overseas Council’s documentation, it was verified that the violence experienced by indigenous women in the ethnical environment, explained in the light of moral obligations of the group, was transformed by the colonization process. Colonizers’ presence exposed indigenous women to new work demands and to the religious conversion, both deviating from women’s moral obligations to their ethnic group. In that new colonial reality, indigenous women faced a violence scenario that was twofold: one of ethnic violence, when women did not comply with their roles and social rules; and another one in the colonial context, that came from their own group and women’s relations with the colonizers. In spite of that, in both scenarios indigenous women found mechanisms to act in order to circumvent the violence to which they, historically, have always been exposed to.
This research analyzes indigenous women and the contexts of colonial violence to which they were exposed, as well as their coping strategies to tackle these contexts. Bearing in mind the data dispersion related to this still underdeveloped historiographical subject area, this work’s thesis was conceived through extensive periodization, which includes the sixteenth, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The investigation about the role of the natives in Brazilian history has come a long way in the past thirty years and there already is a consolidated debate that has taken down old theses, such as the extinction one, the vanishment one and the ones of assimilation and acculturation of indigenous populations to the colonial society. However, the gender approach is still emerging in this subject area, with the exception of a few researchers’ contributions. Supported by data gathered through secondary sources, indigenous mythologies, narratives written by priests of religious orders and Overseas Council’s documentation, it was verified that the violence experienced by indigenous women in the ethnical environment, explained in the light of moral obligations of the group, was transformed by the colonization process. Colonizers’ presence exposed indigenous women to new work demands and to the religious conversion, both deviating from women’s moral obligations to their ethnic group. In that new colonial reality, indigenous women faced a violence scenario that was twofold: one of ethnic violence, when women did not comply with their roles and social rules; and another one in the colonial context, that came from their own group and women’s relations with the colonizers. In spite of that, in both scenarios indigenous women found mechanisms to act in order to circumvent the violence to which they, historically, have always been exposed to.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mulher, Discriminação de Gênero, Estereótipos de Gênero, Grupos Étnicos, Ameríndios, Violência colonial, Women, Gender Discrimination, Gender Stereotypes, Ethnic Groups, Amerindians, Colonial Violence