Avaliação do tempo de contato do carvão hidrotérmico no solo para o crescimento de Solanum Lycipersieum
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Data
2021-08-30
Autores
Rodrigues, Gabriella Fernanda Miranda
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Carvões hidrotérmicos (CH) obtidos a partir da Carbonização Hidrotérmica de subprodutos da indústria sucroenergética são ricos em nutrientes e matéria orgânica, tendo apresentado substâncias tipo húmicas na sua composição. Estudos de liberação de nutrientes e matéria orgânica, bem como de germinação e crescimento de diversas plantas, têm demonstrado potencial de uso do CH como condicionador do solo. Os efeitos do tempo de contato do CH com o solo na liberação de nutrientes são ainda escassos. Nesse contexto o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tempo de contato entre o carvão hidrotérmico e os solos no cultivo de Solanum lycipersieum. Para isto, um total de 35 vasos contendo solo e CH (0, 10 e 20 t ha-1) foram montados seguido de crescimento de Solanum lycipersieum. Foram avaliados dois tempos de contato entre CH e solo, o tempo 30 dias (Solot0) e o tempo 24 meses (Solot1) em latossolo, argissolo e terra mulata. No solo, antes e após o experimento de crescimento, foram determinadas a umidade, cinza, matéria orgânica, pH, acidez potencial e nutrientes. Nas plantas foram medidos o comprimento total e a massa seca da parte aérea, e comprimento e massa seca da raiz, bem como a microscopia eletrônica de varredura da raiz (MEV) e das folhas. Em todos os tipos de solos após a plantação de culturas ocorreu a diminuição do pH. Nas análises de MEV das folhas das plantas do solo em contato com o carvão por 30 dias, os estômatos anomocítico se mostraram presentes nas superfícies abaxiais. O solo com maior tempo de contato com o carvão hidrotérmico apresentou concentração maior de nutrientes antes do plantio do tomate, sugerindo que a presença do CH proporcionou uma maior disponibilidade de nutrientes com o passar do tempo.
Hydrochars obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of by-products from the sugar-energy industry are rich in nutrients and organic matter, having presented humic-like substances in their composition. Studies on the release of nutrients and organic matter, as well as on the germination and growth of several plants, have demonstrated the potential for using CH as a soil conditioner. The effects of CH contact time with the soil on nutrient release are still scarce. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the contact time between the hydrothermal coal and the soils in the cultivation of Solanum lycipersieum. For this a total of 35 pots containing soil and CH (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) were mounted followed by growth of Solanum lycipersieum. Two times of contact between CH and soil were evaluated, the time 30 days (Solot0) and the time 24 months (Solot1) in oxisol, argisol and terra mulata. In the soil before and after the growth experiment, moisture, ash, organic matter, pH, potential acidity and nutrients were determined. In the plants, the total length and dry mass of shoots and length and dry mass of the root were measured, as well as scanning electron microscopy of the root and leaves. In all types of soils after planting crops there was a decrease in pH. In SEM analyzes of the leaves of soil plants in contact with charcoal for 30 days, the anomocytic stomata were present on the abaxial surfaces. The soil with longer contact time with hydrothermal charcoal had a higher concentration of nutrients before planting the tomato, suggesting that the presence of CH provided a greater availability of nutrients over time.
Hydrochars obtained from the hydrothermal carbonization of by-products from the sugar-energy industry are rich in nutrients and organic matter, having presented humic-like substances in their composition. Studies on the release of nutrients and organic matter, as well as on the germination and growth of several plants, have demonstrated the potential for using CH as a soil conditioner. The effects of CH contact time with the soil on nutrient release are still scarce. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the contact time between the hydrothermal coal and the soils in the cultivation of Solanum lycipersieum. For this a total of 35 pots containing soil and CH (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1) were mounted followed by growth of Solanum lycipersieum. Two times of contact between CH and soil were evaluated, the time 30 days (Solot0) and the time 24 months (Solot1) in oxisol, argisol and terra mulata. In the soil before and after the growth experiment, moisture, ash, organic matter, pH, potential acidity and nutrients were determined. In the plants, the total length and dry mass of shoots and length and dry mass of the root were measured, as well as scanning electron microscopy of the root and leaves. In all types of soils after planting crops there was a decrease in pH. In SEM analyzes of the leaves of soil plants in contact with charcoal for 30 days, the anomocytic stomata were present on the abaxial surfaces. The soil with longer contact time with hydrothermal charcoal had a higher concentration of nutrients before planting the tomato, suggesting that the presence of CH provided a greater availability of nutrients over time.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carvão hidrotérmico, Solo, Crescimento de planta, Solanum lycipersieum, Hydrochars, Soil, Plant growth