Vivências dos enfermeiros na assistência ao paciente com dor oncológica
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Data
2021-08-30
Autores
Fernandes, Ana Carolina
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivo: Desvelar os significados das vivências de enfermeiros na assistência aos pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados que passam por eventos dolorosos. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, e teve como cenário uma instituição de saúde de grande porte do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Foi aplicado questionário semiestruturado, com perguntas norteadoras: O que significa para você cuidar do paciente diagnosticado com câncer que sente dor? Como você avalia, diagnostica e maneja a dor do paciente oncológico? Devido ao isolamento social, os dados foram coletados remotamente através da plataforma Google Meet e/ou vídeo-áudio do sistema Android ou similar. Além das perguntas norteadoras, os participantes responderam questões acerca de sua formação profissional, faixa etária, e experiência na área de oncologia. As respostas foram gravadas e seus conteúdos transcritos na íntegra. Os dados foram analisados para alcançar sua compreensão e síntese. Resultados: Foram entrevistados nove enfermeiros, e da análise das entrevistas, emergiram quatro temas, para eles: A) O significado do cuidar transcende o cuidar do corpo físico. B) O cuidado é mediado por empatia e sensibilidade, gerando sensações contraditórias, como tristeza e impotência, ao mesmo tempo que gratidão. C) A avaliação da dor é pautada pelo uso de escalas de avaliação, e nos sinais que os pacientes apresentam. D) O manejo da dor inclui o emprego de terapias medicamentosas e não medicamentosas. Todos referiram que o cuidar em oncologia emerge sentimentos desafiadores. Relataram que, na prática diária, avaliam e manejam a dor a partir do conhecimento adquirido ao longo da trajetória profissional, e apontam lacunas em sua formação oncológica. O cuidar em oncologia para eles é permeado de desafios e sentimentos contraditórios, como alegrias e tristezas, que são percebidos a partir da subjetividade do sintoma e da complexidade da doença. Exige do profissional habilidades que vão além da esfera técnico-científica, que muitas vezes não são abordadas durante a formação do enfermeiro. Ressalta-se que a formação dos profissionais deve incluir competências referentes ao cuidar em oncologia. Considerações finais: O desenvolvimento deste estudo trouxe contribuições acerca da necessidade de um novo olhar sobre a formação em saúde, que contemple além da formação técnica, competências humanas, indispensáveis ao processo de trabalho em Oncologia. Evidencia-se a importância de novos estudos a fim de aprofundar o entendimento das questões referentes ao cuidado do paciente oncológico com dor.
Objective: To unveil the meanings of nurses' experiences in assisting hospitalized cancer patients with painful episodes. Method: This is a qualitative research with Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology approach, conducted in a large health institution in the interior of the State of São Paulo. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, with the guiding questions: What does it mean for you to take care of a patient diagnosed with cancer who is in pain? How do you assess, diagnose and manage cancer patient pain? Due to the social isolation, data were collected remotely through the Google Meet platform and/or video-audio from the Android system or similar. Additionally, participants answered questions about their professional background, age group and experience in the field of oncology. The responses were recorded and their contents transcribed in full. Data were assessed to achieve understanding and synthesis. Results: Nine nurses were interviewed, and considering the analysis of the interviews, four themes emerged, including: A) The meaning of care transcends caring for the physical body. B) Care is mediated by empathy and sensitivity, generating contradictory feelings, such as sadness and impotence, at the same time as gratitude. C) Pain assessment is based on the use of assessment scales and on the signs that patients present. D) Pain management includes the use of drug and non-drug therapies. All nurses reported that oncology care emerges from challenging feelings. They revealed that, in the daily practice, they assess and manage pain based on the knowledge acquired throughout their professional trajectory, and point out gaps in their oncological training. Oncology care for them is permeated with challenges and contradictory feelings, such as happiness and sadness, which are perceived from the subjectivity of the symptom and the complexity of the disease. It requires skills that go beyond the technical-scientific sphere, which are often not addressed during nursing education. Importantly, the training of professionals must include skills related to oncology care. Final considerations: The development of this study evidenced contributions to the need of a new approach to health education, which includes, besides technical training, human competences, essential to the work process in Oncology. The relevance of further studies is highlighted in order to provide a deeper understanding of issues related to the care of cancer patients with pain.
Objective: To unveil the meanings of nurses' experiences in assisting hospitalized cancer patients with painful episodes. Method: This is a qualitative research with Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology approach, conducted in a large health institution in the interior of the State of São Paulo. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied, with the guiding questions: What does it mean for you to take care of a patient diagnosed with cancer who is in pain? How do you assess, diagnose and manage cancer patient pain? Due to the social isolation, data were collected remotely through the Google Meet platform and/or video-audio from the Android system or similar. Additionally, participants answered questions about their professional background, age group and experience in the field of oncology. The responses were recorded and their contents transcribed in full. Data were assessed to achieve understanding and synthesis. Results: Nine nurses were interviewed, and considering the analysis of the interviews, four themes emerged, including: A) The meaning of care transcends caring for the physical body. B) Care is mediated by empathy and sensitivity, generating contradictory feelings, such as sadness and impotence, at the same time as gratitude. C) Pain assessment is based on the use of assessment scales and on the signs that patients present. D) Pain management includes the use of drug and non-drug therapies. All nurses reported that oncology care emerges from challenging feelings. They revealed that, in the daily practice, they assess and manage pain based on the knowledge acquired throughout their professional trajectory, and point out gaps in their oncological training. Oncology care for them is permeated with challenges and contradictory feelings, such as happiness and sadness, which are perceived from the subjectivity of the symptom and the complexity of the disease. It requires skills that go beyond the technical-scientific sphere, which are often not addressed during nursing education. Importantly, the training of professionals must include skills related to oncology care. Final considerations: The development of this study evidenced contributions to the need of a new approach to health education, which includes, besides technical training, human competences, essential to the work process in Oncology. The relevance of further studies is highlighted in order to provide a deeper understanding of issues related to the care of cancer patients with pain.
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Palavras-chave
Dor do câncer, Manejo da dor, Medição da dor, Enfermagem oncológica, Pesquisa qualitativa, Cancer pain, Pain management, Pain measurement, Oncology nursing, Hospitalization, Qualitative research