Evolução do aparato bucal em Characidae (Teleostei:Characiformes): uma abordagem morfométrica
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Data
2021-08-30
Autores
Soares, Nathália Cristina
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Characidae é a mais diversificada família de peixes neotropicais e com grande potencial para estudos filogenéticos e evolutivos. Tradicionalmente, as características do aparato bucal de suas espécies são utilizadas na diagnose de forma qualitativa. Neste estudo, realizou-se a análise de morfometria geométrica das peças do aparato bucal para gerar dados quantitativos a respeito da variação da forma dos ossos dentário, maxilar e premaxilar, além da verificação dos caracteres qualitativos dos dentes e de registros ecológicos sobre a dieta das espécies, a fim de compreender o alcance das variações morfológicas das estruturas envolvidas na captura alimentar entre dezenove espécies da família. A técnica permitiu que fossem mensurados e identificados diferentes intervalos morfológicos das peças ósseas estudadas, através de análises estatísticas de PCA e CVA, e ainda foi verificado que para as peças dentário e maxilar ocorrem maiores taxas de variação morfológica entre as amostras. Por fim, a partir das variações medidas, aliadas a composição de dieta, discutiu-se sobre os fatores evolutivos que poderiam estar envolvidos na conformação das adaptações observadas, sugerindo que entre as espécies de Stethaprioninae e Stevardiinae pode haver maior influenciada por fatores ambientais, enquanto para Tetragonopterinae o fator ancestralidade é destacado.
Characidae is the most diverse family of neotropical fish and has great potential for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Traditionally, the characteristics of the oral apparatus of its species are used in the diagnosis in a qualitative way. In this study, the geometric morphometrics analysis of the oral apparatus parts was performed to generate quantitative data regarding the variation in the shape of the dentary, maxillary and premaxillary bones, in addition to the verification of the qualitative characters of the teeth and ecological records on the diet of the species, in order to understand the range of morphological variations of the structures involved in food capture among nineteen species of the family. The technique allowed the measurement and identification of different morphological intervals of the studied bone pieces, through statistical analyzes of PCA and CVA, and it was also verified that for the dentary and maxillary pieces there are higher rates of morphological variation between the samples. Finally, from the measured variations, allied to the diet composition, the evolutionary factors that could be involved in the conformation of the observed adaptations were discussed, suggesting that among the species of Stethaprioninae and Stevardiinae there may be more influenced by environmental factors, while for Tetragonopterinae the ancestry factor is highlighted.
Characidae is the most diverse family of neotropical fish and has great potential for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies. Traditionally, the characteristics of the oral apparatus of its species are used in the diagnosis in a qualitative way. In this study, the geometric morphometrics analysis of the oral apparatus parts was performed to generate quantitative data regarding the variation in the shape of the dentary, maxillary and premaxillary bones, in addition to the verification of the qualitative characters of the teeth and ecological records on the diet of the species, in order to understand the range of morphological variations of the structures involved in food capture among nineteen species of the family. The technique allowed the measurement and identification of different morphological intervals of the studied bone pieces, through statistical analyzes of PCA and CVA, and it was also verified that for the dentary and maxillary pieces there are higher rates of morphological variation between the samples. Finally, from the measured variations, allied to the diet composition, the evolutionary factors that could be involved in the conformation of the observed adaptations were discussed, suggesting that among the species of Stethaprioninae and Stevardiinae there may be more influenced by environmental factors, while for Tetragonopterinae the ancestry factor is highlighted.
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Palavras-chave
Análise multivariada, Landmarks, Mandíbula, Peixes neotropicais, Série tps, Feeding habits, Geometric morphometrics, Jaw