Fenômenos interfaciais resultantes de modificações físico-químicas em superfícies metálicas para aplicações biomédicas
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Data
2011-10-13
Autores
Nascimento, Rodney Marcelo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A perda de parte do corpo é uma constante preocupação do ser humano desde os tempos mais remotos. Na busca pelo tratamento ou substituição de partes do corpo, se desenvolvem atualmente diferentes materiais bioativos que possam promover uma melhor conexão óssea (osseointegração) através de uma ligação físico-química entre o implante e o osso. Apesar dos avanços significativos na área da ciência e tecnologia de biomateriais, informações a respeito da natureza química e dimensões espaciais (rugosidade e topografia) dos materiais ainda precisam ser mais bem esclarecidas para verificar suas influências relacionadas à energia da superfície e aos estágios da osseointegração. Diante disto, este trabalho teve como objetivo mostrar os efeitos de modificações físico-químicas realizadas em superfícies de materiais metálicos para aplicações como implantes osseointegráveis. Como conseqüência, melhorar a compreensão dos fenômenos relacionados à regeneração tecidual, em especial nos primeiros estágios do processo de osseointegração. Os resultados experimentais obtidos através de técnicas de microscopias eletrônicas, tensiometria, goniometria e ensaios de biocompatibilidade mostram uma importante relação entre a dinâmica de molhabilidade do fluido corporal simulado e as diferentes interfaces. As modificações nas superfícies promovem a difusão iônica de espécies como o sódio e o cálcio. O revestimento final, testado no Ti cp e nas ligas Ti6Al4V e Ti13Nb13Zr, apresentou bioatividade e alta adesão interfacial.
The loss of a body part is a constant concerning of the humanity since ancient times. There has been a continuous search for materials for treatment, enhancement or replacement of tissues, organs and body functions. That has leaded to the development of several bioactive materials that can promote a better connection with the bone (osseointegration) through a physical-chemical bond between implant and bone. Although the significant advances in science and technology of biomaterials, information about the chemical nature and spatial dimensions (roughness and topography) of the materials is still needed to enable one to have better understanding on their influence, especially in the first stages of tissue regeneration. The macroscopic evaluation of the surface energy at the interfaces and the simulation of the dynamic processes of interaction between the material and the biological environment may be the a key for the development of bioactive materials with high interfacial adhesion. Owing to that, the present work is aimed at the study of the interactions occurring at the contact between the human body and metallic biomaterials after modifications in the surfaces of the materials. The study was carried out through simulations with experimental techniques of electron microscopy, tensiometry, goniometry and biocompatibility tests, which provided a better understanding on the physical, chemical and biological events occurring at the interfaces between the human body and the biomaterials.
The loss of a body part is a constant concerning of the humanity since ancient times. There has been a continuous search for materials for treatment, enhancement or replacement of tissues, organs and body functions. That has leaded to the development of several bioactive materials that can promote a better connection with the bone (osseointegration) through a physical-chemical bond between implant and bone. Although the significant advances in science and technology of biomaterials, information about the chemical nature and spatial dimensions (roughness and topography) of the materials is still needed to enable one to have better understanding on their influence, especially in the first stages of tissue regeneration. The macroscopic evaluation of the surface energy at the interfaces and the simulation of the dynamic processes of interaction between the material and the biological environment may be the a key for the development of bioactive materials with high interfacial adhesion. Owing to that, the present work is aimed at the study of the interactions occurring at the contact between the human body and metallic biomaterials after modifications in the surfaces of the materials. The study was carried out through simulations with experimental techniques of electron microscopy, tensiometry, goniometry and biocompatibility tests, which provided a better understanding on the physical, chemical and biological events occurring at the interfaces between the human body and the biomaterials.
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Palavras-chave
Interfaces, Rugosidade, Energia superficial livre, Molhabilidade, Bioatividade, Roughness, Free energy surface, Wettability, Bioactivity