A doutrina do "Sola Scriptura" em uma análise interdiscursiva
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Data
2021-11-08
Autores
Dias, Diego José Gonçalves
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho, analisamos a polêmica entre católicos romanos e protestantes calvinistas no século XVI na doutrina do sola scriptura a partir da teoria discursiva, com base primordialmente nos seguintes conceitos do linguista Dominique Maingueneau: polêmica, eixos semânticos, ethos, antiethos, campo discursivo, discurso constituinte e simulacro. O conceito de polêmica é um recorte da semântica global de Maingueneau (2008a) partindo do pressuposto de que, na polêmica, as duas formações discursivas dentro de um campo, apesar de terem os mesmos textos fundantes, veem-se a partir dos simulacros, ou seja, suas restrições semânticas, que implicam ver o outro pelo avesso. Nessa perspectiva, o calvinista e o romanista relacionam-se na dinâmica do “diálogo de surdos”, ou seja, um enxerga o outro partindo de suas convicções, as quais são a condição para manter a identidade discursiva. Dentro dessa realidade, analisamos essa polêmica em três facetas propostas por Maingueneau (2010): enunciativo-pragmática, sócio-genérica e semântica. Dessa análise, observamos a existência de três eixos semânticos, áreas em que essa polêmica se desenvolve: a instituição, o costume e a doutrina. A partir desse dado, buscamos estabelecer os semas positivos e negativos dessa polêmica que regem seus simulacros, assim como a dinâmica que estabelecem dentro de um campo discursivo. O ethos e o antiethos revelam o funcionamento da semântica. Essa análise tomou um corpus bastante diverso, partindo de duas correspondências: a do cardeal Sadoleto ao Conselho de Genebra e a resposta de Calvino ao Cardeal Sadoleto. Essas duas missivas são somadas a outros textos advindos de concílios, comentários, catecismos e confissões. Observamos na análise do corpus que a polêmica se desenvolve a partir da exclusividade do papel da Bíblia sobre os eixos semânticos em relação aos protestantes e a submissão da Bíblia à tradição da igreja aos católicos romanos. Assim, entendemos que a polêmica é um dado constitutivo do discurso e os resultados dessa análise servem para oferecer subsídios à compreensão de como esses grupos se relacionam e influenciam a sociedade até os nossos dias.
In this paper, we analyzed the controversy between Roman Catholics and Calvinist Protestants in the 16th century in the Doctrine of Sola Scriptura based on discursive theory, based primarily on the following concepts by linguist Dominique Maingueneau: polemics, semantic axes, ethé, antiethè, discursive field, constituent discourse and simulacrum. The concept of controversy is an excerpt from the global semantics of Maingueneau (2008a) based on the assumption that, in the controversy, the two discursive formations within a field, despite having the same founding texts, are seen from the simulacra, that is, their semantic restrictions, which imply seeing the other in reverse. In this perspective, the Calvinist and the Romanist are related in the dynamics of the “dialogue of the deaf”, that is, one sees the other based on their convictions, which are the condition for maintaining the discursive identity. Within this reality, we analyze such controversy in three facets proposed by Maingueneau (2010): enunciativepragmatic, socio-generic and semantic. From this analysis, we observe the existence of three semantic axes, areas in which this controversy develops: institution, custom and doctrine. Based on this data, we seek to establish the positive and negative semes of this controversy that govern its simulacra, as well as the dynamics they establish within a discursive field. The ethè and the antiethè reveal the workings of semantics. This analysis took a quite different corpus, starting from two correspondences: that of Cardinal Sadoleto to the Council of Geneva and Calvino's response to Cardinal Sadoleto. These two missives are added to other texts deriving from councils, commentaries, catechisms and confessions. We observe in the analysis of the corpus that the controversy develops from the exclusivity of the role of the Bible on the semantic axes in relation to Protestants and the Bible submission to the tradition of the church to Roman Catholics. Thus, we understand that controversy is a constitutive fact of discourse and the results of this analysis serve to provide subsidies for understanding how these groups relate to and influence society to this day.
In this paper, we analyzed the controversy between Roman Catholics and Calvinist Protestants in the 16th century in the Doctrine of Sola Scriptura based on discursive theory, based primarily on the following concepts by linguist Dominique Maingueneau: polemics, semantic axes, ethé, antiethè, discursive field, constituent discourse and simulacrum. The concept of controversy is an excerpt from the global semantics of Maingueneau (2008a) based on the assumption that, in the controversy, the two discursive formations within a field, despite having the same founding texts, are seen from the simulacra, that is, their semantic restrictions, which imply seeing the other in reverse. In this perspective, the Calvinist and the Romanist are related in the dynamics of the “dialogue of the deaf”, that is, one sees the other based on their convictions, which are the condition for maintaining the discursive identity. Within this reality, we analyze such controversy in three facets proposed by Maingueneau (2010): enunciativepragmatic, socio-generic and semantic. From this analysis, we observe the existence of three semantic axes, areas in which this controversy develops: institution, custom and doctrine. Based on this data, we seek to establish the positive and negative semes of this controversy that govern its simulacra, as well as the dynamics they establish within a discursive field. The ethè and the antiethè reveal the workings of semantics. This analysis took a quite different corpus, starting from two correspondences: that of Cardinal Sadoleto to the Council of Geneva and Calvino's response to Cardinal Sadoleto. These two missives are added to other texts deriving from councils, commentaries, catechisms and confessions. We observe in the analysis of the corpus that the controversy develops from the exclusivity of the role of the Bible on the semantic axes in relation to Protestants and the Bible submission to the tradition of the church to Roman Catholics. Thus, we understand that controversy is a constitutive fact of discourse and the results of this analysis serve to provide subsidies for understanding how these groups relate to and influence society to this day.
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Palavras-chave
Romanismo, Protestantismo, Interdiscursividade, Romanism, Protestantism, Interdiscursiveness