Consórcio de braquiárias e desempenho de bovinos de corte em sistema de integração lavoura pecuária
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Data
2021-11-29
Autores
Marangoni, Guilherme Antonio Oliveira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a proposta de intensificação sustentável dos sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária, o sistema Boi safrinha referente a produção animal na entressafra expande seu uso, procurando alternativas para aumentar ainda mais sua eficiência produtiva. Uma das possibilidades é o consórcio de braquiárias, buscando a complementariedade entre as gramíneas, de forma a diversificar e melhorar a capacidade produtiva dos pastos. Desta forma, o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o consórcio de gramíneas forrageiras tropicais U. ruziziensis e U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás, como pastagem de entressafra e o desempenho animal em sistema de integração lavoura pecuária. O experimento foi realizado em Caiuá, região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, clima predominante Aw e solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura arenosa. O período experimental foi de março a setembro de 2021, avaliando a pastagem no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária “Boi safrinha”, com soja em sucessão. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com três repetições e três tratamentos, sendo: Tratamento 1 – Pastagem exclusiva de Urochloa ruziziensis; Tratamento 2 – Mistura 1 (Urochloa ruziziensis + Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás); Tratamento 3 – Mistura 2 (Urochloa ruziziensis + Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás). As misturas nos tratamentos 2 e 3 consistiam em diferentes proporções das forrageiras citadas em cada tratamento. Foram utilizados novilhos da raça Nelore, com peso médio inicial de 220 kg e idade média de 8 meses, em pastejo contínuo com lotação variável. Foram avaliadas a massa, composição morfológica e química da forragem, bem como o ganho de peso diário e taxa de lotação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença na massa de forragem entre os tratamentos, sendo semelhante entre ruziziensis e as misturas nas diferentes proporções. Na composição morfológica, não foram observadas alterações entre tratamentos e forrageiras, que foram influenciados pelas limitações das condições climáticas. A composição química também não apresentou diferenças, tendo teores de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido semelhantes. O ganho de peso médio diário no primeiro período foi de 0,910 e 0,496 kg/dia no segundo período com taxa de lotação semelhante, porém reduzida em função do decréscimo na massa de forragem. Conclui-se que pastos com as gramíneas U. ruziziensis e U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás consorciadas apresentam características produtivas, químicas e morfológicas semelhantes ao pasto de gramínea exclusiva, com desempenho animal satisfatório, sendo viáveis para o uso como pasto safrinha em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária.
In the proposal of sustainable intensification of integrated crop-livestock systems, the “Boi safrinha”, that is about animal production in the off-season in integrated systems expands its use, looking for alternatives to further increase its production efficiency. An possibility is the intercropping of Brachiaria grasses, seeking the complementarity between grasses, in order to diversify and improve the productive capacity of the pastures. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the intercropping of tropical forage grasses U. ruziziensis and U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás, as off-season pasture and animal performance in an integrated crop-livestock system. The experiment was carried out in Caiuá, western region of the State of São Paulo, predominantly Aw climate and soil classified as a sandy-textured Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental period was from March to September 2021, evaluating the pasture in the “Boi safrinha” integrated crop-livestock system, with soybean in succession. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications and three treatments, as follows: Treatment 1 – Exclusive pasture of Urochloa ruziziensis; Treatment 2 – Pasture mix 1 (a blend of Urochloa ruziziensis + Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás); Treatment 3 – Pasture mix 2 (a blend of Urochloa ruziziensis + Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás). The blends in treatments 2 and 3 consisted of different proportions of forages mentioned in each treatments. Nellore steers, with average initial weight of 220 kg and 8 months old, were used in continuous grazing with variable stocking. Forage mass, morphological and chemical composition, as well as daily weight gain and stocking rate were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% significance. The results showed that there was no difference in forage mass between treatments, being similar between Ruziziensis and mixtures in different proportions. In the morphological composition, no changes were observed between treatments and grasses, influenced by the limitations of climatic conditions. The chemical composition also showed no differences, with similar crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid contents. The average daily weight gain was 0.910 and 0.496 kg/day with a similar stocking rate, but reduced due to the decrease in forage mass. It is concluded that pastures with intercropped U. ruziziensis and U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás grasses have productive, chemical and morphological characteristics similar to exclusive grass pasture, with satisfactory animal performance, being viable as off-season pasture in integrated crop-livestock system.
In the proposal of sustainable intensification of integrated crop-livestock systems, the “Boi safrinha”, that is about animal production in the off-season in integrated systems expands its use, looking for alternatives to further increase its production efficiency. An possibility is the intercropping of Brachiaria grasses, seeking the complementarity between grasses, in order to diversify and improve the productive capacity of the pastures. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the intercropping of tropical forage grasses U. ruziziensis and U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás, as off-season pasture and animal performance in an integrated crop-livestock system. The experiment was carried out in Caiuá, western region of the State of São Paulo, predominantly Aw climate and soil classified as a sandy-textured Dystrophic Red Latosol. The experimental period was from March to September 2021, evaluating the pasture in the “Boi safrinha” integrated crop-livestock system, with soybean in succession. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with three replications and three treatments, as follows: Treatment 1 – Exclusive pasture of Urochloa ruziziensis; Treatment 2 – Pasture mix 1 (a blend of Urochloa ruziziensis + Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás); Treatment 3 – Pasture mix 2 (a blend of Urochloa ruziziensis + Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás). The blends in treatments 2 and 3 consisted of different proportions of forages mentioned in each treatments. Nellore steers, with average initial weight of 220 kg and 8 months old, were used in continuous grazing with variable stocking. Forage mass, morphological and chemical composition, as well as daily weight gain and stocking rate were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% significance. The results showed that there was no difference in forage mass between treatments, being similar between Ruziziensis and mixtures in different proportions. In the morphological composition, no changes were observed between treatments and grasses, influenced by the limitations of climatic conditions. The chemical composition also showed no differences, with similar crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid contents. The average daily weight gain was 0.910 and 0.496 kg/day with a similar stocking rate, but reduced due to the decrease in forage mass. It is concluded that pastures with intercropped U. ruziziensis and U. brizantha BRS Paiaguás grasses have productive, chemical and morphological characteristics similar to exclusive grass pasture, with satisfactory animal performance, being viable as off-season pasture in integrated crop-livestock system.
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Palavras-chave
Consórcio de gramíneas. Pasto safrinha. Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás. Urochloa ruziziensis., Consórcio de gramíneas, Pasto safrinha, Urochloa brizantha BRS Paiaguás, Urochloa ruziziensis, Intercropped grasses, Off-season pasture, Urochloa brizantha